CIBN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CIBN - Essay ExampleAdmitting the importance of negotiability, the convention has made a passing between the statuses of holder based on the limitation of his rights. Hence, the rights of a protected holder are freed from claims and defences to a greater extent. The article 45 of the convention gives warranty for an pawn in the case of transfer that it does not bear any unauthorized signature and it has not been materially altered. The convention introduces many beneficial provisions. It permits an instrument to bear an interest at a variable rate in accordance with the provisions mentioned in the instrument and in relation to reference rates published. However, Uniform Commercial Code does not maintain payment of interest unless it is an interest-bearing instrument. It also allows reference to a foreign exchange rate such(prenominal) as a bank exchange rate at a certain date in a certain place. The convention also allows payment in installments at successive dates. The convention has a provision to make payments in unit of value other than the currency.

Argument against Hiring and College-Admissions Quotas Essay

Argument against Hiring and College-Admissions Quotas - Essay ExampleThis news report will present an argument against airing and college-admissions quotas. Additionally, it will show that using racial quotas in admitting students in colleges and either hiring or promoting employees in an organization is intuitive and substantial. A. To the government Quotas ar simply numerical requirements unremarkably applied when hiring an employee in a company, promoting someone within an education or working center, and/or graduating members of a specific racial cluster to a nonher level (Gildenhuys, 2004). In some cases, it is seeable that some great deal discriminate against others mainly due to their racial complexity. This aspect hampers growth and interaction from many angles. For example, one whitethorn fail to enter a certain college simply because he or she comes from a certain nonage group. Such an act promotes racial discrimination, which is an issue that the whole universe has bee n fighting for many decades (Gildenhuys, 2004). In hiring, quotas argon a very significant factor to consider since they provide a basis for selecting and thereafter hiring individuals from each social, racial, and/or economic background (Mwakikagile, 2006). Agreeably, some communities color pigmentation fails to accord them certain privileges. several(prenominal) colleges and organizations do non hire, admit, or promote the great unwashed of a certain color such as the blacks or Indians (Lindsay & Justiz, 2004). close to cases of racial discrimination show that there are colleges where students of Indian or black decency do non get admission whereas there are some companies that cannot hire or promote such people. mass from these nonage groups may possess special abilities or knowledge that... Quotas are simply numerical requirements usually applied when hiring an employee in a company, promoting someone within an education or working center, and/or graduating members of a specific racial cluster to another level (Gildenhuys, 2004). In some cases, it is seeable that some people discriminate against others mainly due to their racial complexity. This aspect hampers growth and interaction from many angles. For example, one may fail to enter a certain college simply because he or she comes from a certain minority group. Such an act promotes racial discrimination, which is an issue that the whole universe has been fighting for many decades (Gildenhuys, 2004). In hiring, quotas are a very significant factor to consider since they provide a basis for selecting and thereafter hiring individuals from either social, racial, and/or economic background (Mwakikagile, 2006). Agreeably, some communities color pigmentation fails to accord them certain privileges. Some colleges and organizations do not hire, admit, or promote people of a certain color such as the blacks or Indians (Lindsay & Justiz, 2004). Some cases of racial discrimination show that there are colle ges where students of Indian or black decency do not get admission whereas there are some companies that cannot hire or promote such people. mountain from these minority groups may possess special abilities or knowledge that they can offer and make their respective(prenominal) organizations gain more advantages over the others.

National Advocacy Paper (political science) 2 Research

National Advocacy (political science) 2 - inquiry Paper ExampleViral videos of anti-Muslim demonstrations race across social networks daily. Islamophobia started in earnest on phratry 11, 2001 for reasons that are all too clear. This condition is a reactionary response instigated and perpetuated by fear of the unacknowledged and unfamiliar. The level of outwardly expressed hatred ebbs and flows with the days newscast but the underlying executes and effects bide constant. It is a shameful and unnecessary circumstance reminiscent of racial segregation battles of the South and anti-immigrant rhetoric that has persisted passim the nations history. Fortunately, technology is working in favor of reasonable thought and rational behavior. friendly networking has enabled the worlds neighborhood to grow smaller and more familiar. We are entering an era of thought between cultures therefore a lessening of ignorance and its byproduct, angry hate-filled speech aimed at disrespecting those of a different own(prenominal) history. The argument for the critics of anything Islamic usually centers around terrorist actions, that Muslims commit more acts of terrorism than any other sacred group therefore Islam is a war-like religion that does non respect life. In addition, many countries with a orotund Muslim population are theocracies, Islamic States, such as Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Pakistan and Iran. This is unacceptable to many Americans who could not imagine living under a theocratic regime, who consider this way of life medieval in nature, backward and harsh. Of course if many of these same people had their way, the U.S. would officially become a Christian nation. Most, 55 percent, (Stone, 2007) still cannot admit the U.S. is a secular nation with a comparatively liberal democratic presidential term and would argue, erroneously, that the Founding Fathers meant for the country to be a Christian nation. Its likely that those who are not informed of the Founders inte nt do not bother to investigate anything pertaining to the Islamic religion or Muslim culture so as to understand rather than fear it. The controversy surrounding the mosque almost ground zero was and is baseless. The plans were to expand the existing Islamic community center (Park 51) that already housed a mosque. some other mosque is located just down the street. The area is dotted with porn shops, bars and gentlemens clubs but no one claimed any of these potentially offensive business establishments would tarnish the memory of those Americans who died in the twin bulk large attack. The controversy was contrived and born purely out of fear, hatred and willful misunderstanding. The site has been the scene of support demonstrations in which protesters carry signs saying such things as All I Need to Know closely Islam, I Learned on 9/11 (Nachtwey, 2010). The community center is located in a building not unlike the others that surround it, plain and with no visible markings to in dicate is a sacred institution. It is not an imposing edifice complete with colorful, spiraling towers one might picture when imagining a tralatitious Middle Eastern mosque. The outrage is disingenuous and not about the mosque itself or the pain it might cause the families of people who died on 9-11, which included Muslims as well. This false outrage is a by-product of ignorance, fear and bigotry.

Balanced Scorecard, Costing System, and Production Costs Assignment

equilibrise Scorecard, Costing System, and Production Costs - Assignment ExampleFor firms which do not have a centralise operation, an essential requirement for them is responsibility centers which include cost centers, revenue centers, investment centers, and profit centers. The performance monitor measures for these centers argon standard cost, divisional profit and return on investment. The transfer price here is the do that division A of a company charges to division B of the same company for a crossing transferred. Accounting systems act as critical support systems for managerial conclusiveness making in antithetical organizations. Selecting a raw(a) market for a product is a critical strategic management decision which is through with(p) by suitable evaluation of costs and benefits. This involves the evaluation of the financial and accountancy aspects of an organization as well. The financial variability and the system of cost allocation along with an evaluation of fin ancial resources, activities, and capabilities are to be considered while selecting a target market for expanding into or for launching new or existing products. meaning(a) factors like the time factors, employee performance and employee perception, costs factors, and performance of the organizations can be suitably evaluated through the single-valued function of the accounting systems in an organization. The financial information provided by the accounting systems like profit levels, sales growth, returns and former(a) non-financial information like customer satisfaction levels, the performance of the competitors, customer loyalty and competing products act as a support system for managerial decision making for launching a new product into a market including the selection of an entry market. The reverse income analysis is used as a part of accounting to evaluate the capital budgeting aspects of the launch of a product into a new market. The managerial decisions which involve the investments done by an organization in real assets are the most important managerial decisions in toll of economic value creation. The capital investments are done by a business in new and existing projects including investing in building new plants, buying machinery, launching new products etc. are critical for deciding the economic future of a business.

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Assignment 1 - Essay ExampleThe falling anoint prices have forced rock oil producers to adopt survival measures that include set upoffs of many employees. Other companies related to the oil industry atomic number 18 in like manner feeling the effects of the continued reduction of oil prices. Indeed, the mining and logging industry pink-slipped 3,000 employees last month (Zumbrun 1).Moreover, Schlumberger seeks to lay off about 9,000 employees since the plunging oil prices are jeopardizing production (Strauss 1). Hercules Offshore Inc is also planning to fire about 324 employees since oil producers are not willing to renew contracts for their offshore oil production rigs (Sparshott 1). Most notable U.S. economists assert that suppliers of U.S oil and gas companies will fire about 40,000 employees while equipment manufacturers could lay off 5,500 employees by December this year (Zumbrun 1).I support the need to address the issue of plunging oil prices since they threaten employ ment rates in U.S. In addressing the issue, U.S will safeguard the jobs at oil companies, supplying, and manufacturing companies associated with the oil industry. I am grateful of your time and continued coverage of this

Internet Marketing Strategy Amazon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Internet Marketing Strategy amazon - Essay ExampleAmazon.com opened his virtual doors in 1995, and restructured all the retail sector. It was the beginning of a new way of retail transactions. This essay aims to present an psychoanalysis of the Amazons internet market strategy. This analysis result be focused on an rating market, an analysis of the competitors and how the internet strategy relates to the overall marketing strategy of the company.Internet Marketing Strategy Amazon.comAmazon.com is wizard of the largest online retail stores in the world. They open their virtual doors in 1995 and nowadays have net sales of $ 48,077 millions per year, suppuration 33% per year. Amazon.com begins their billet selling books. Nowadays they still sell books, but also technology, clothes, shoes, ebooks. Additionally they better their e- processs with the Amazon Web Services ( AWS).It seems like Amazon.com is always one step ahead. The purpose of this essay is to disassemble their Int ernet Marketing Strategy.In order to analyze the Amazon internet marketing strategy, first lead be present an evaluation of their online market size and growth, online marketing segmentation, sales and e-service.The retail sector is a very competitive sector. Amazon.com has many competitors include other online retail stores. In this essay eBay market will be studied.The internet is a powerful tool in a companys business. ... The first amazon.com website was opened in July 1995. Nowadays Amazon has 56,200 full-time and part-time employees ( data from December 31, 2011). Amazon focusses their strategy in the customers. They fire to seek to be Earths most customer-centric company for four primary customer sets consumers, sellers, enterprises, and subject creators. Amazon is a retail online. They generate revenues from the online sales. Recently they invested in another source of revenues as marketing and promotional services (online advertising, and co-branded credit card agreemen ts). In general they are organized into two lead-in market segments North America and International. The main communication channel is the website. Amazon reaches their consumers through their retail websites. Amazon has a very competitive business. Examples of competitors in this sector are Our (1) physical-world retailers, publishers, vendors, distributors, manufacturers, and producers of our products (2) other online e-commerce and mobile e-commerce sites, including sites that sell or distribute digital content (3) a number of indirect competitors, including media companies, web portals, comparison shopping websites, and web search engines, either directly or in collaboration with other retailers (4) companies that provide e-commerce services, including website development, fulfillment, and customer service (5) companies that provide infrastructure web services or other information storage or compute services or products and (6) companies that design, manufacture, market, or se ll digital media devices. The principal competitive factors are . Retail business retail selection and convenience . Seller and enterprise services quality,

Hitch Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

prophylactic device - Movie Review ExampleThis discussion stresses that Smith emphases the use of non-verbal cues such as how to make stars eye look heroic, what to tell women at the first ate and what one should not declare to such women. The date doctors advice involves many strategies, both long and short term that acts through different ways to achieve the same objective. Other strategies are much subtle and require patience. result Smith gives an array of recommendation that eventually assist his friends in their romantic life. Such non-verbal cues remains frontmost in establishing comic effects and romance within the movie.From this paper it is clear thatHitch receives his first client, Albert (Kevin James) who has been having many troubles in initiating romantic relationships. Kevin is in love with a very affluent and powerful cute lady, Allegra, whom he is not able to get. Allegra is hesitant in dating a young, boring and shy accountant because it ordain be demeaning h er ego. Kevin consults Hitch on the way to go about the problem. Kevin uses non-verbal cues by resigning when Allegra gets angry in a board meeting. He is trying to win Allegra by implying that he cares about her emotional fermentation due to wrong advice that she has just received from the investors. Allegra notices how caring Kevin is and gets attracted to him.Kevins non-verbal trick seems to have worked perfectly for him in winning the beautiful lady.

The Respiratory System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Respiratory System - Assignment ExampleLungs and dedicate airways are the fundamental components of human respiration. Air gets into and leaves the eubstance via the nose. The nasal liner is has hairs and a mucous lining that helps to filter fall out solid particles that are contained in the inhaled air. Air moves to the pharynx from the nasal cavity. Pharynx opens to larynx which is an air way and the esophagus that leads to the stomach. At this point, an epiglottis closes the respiratory tract when swallowing food to prevent it from go into the respiratory system by way of trachea (Starr & McMillan, 2012).Trachea divides into two major airways referred to as bronchus, with each entering one lung. Bronchi further divide in the lungs to form several bronchioles. The bronchioles have air sacs referred to as alveoli. for each one lung is made up of approximately 150 million alveoli. Through these air sacs is where air exchange between lungs and blood circulation system takes place. Oxygen that has been inhaled crosses the thin walls of the alveoli to the blood supply system. Carbon dioxide that has been collected from all body organs also crosses this wall from the circulation system to lungs so that it is expelled from the body via the nose (Starr & McMillan, 2012).Oxygen and carbon dioxide imbue depending on their variation in tightness. Surface area in addition to partial pressure difference across the alveoli are the two major factors that affect the number of gas molecules that can move into and out the lungs in a given period of time. Hemoglobin present in red blood cells helps to ease the process of air exchange. Molecules of hemoglobin bind atomic number 8 in the lungs where there is a high concentration of oxygen. Blood carries hemoglobin with bound oxygen to various body organs (Starr & McMillan, 2012).In the body tissues, oxygen concentration is low as compared to concentration within blood

Critique of the argumentative Strengths and Weakness The Blessings of Term Paper

Critique of the argumentative Strengths and Weakness The Blessings of Dirty Work by Barbara Kingsolver - Term Paper compositors caseIn this line of argument, I find the article of Kingsolver highly effective in communicating the obscure costs of industrialized and centralized agriculture that we have nowadays through presenting a coherent, appealing and literal article. What is most remarkable in Kingsolvers article is the manner she presented the points of her concern in her article. Unlike otherwise articles which discuss other important issue, Kingsolver, in her writing did not limit herself in just seemingly presenting facts and other information to corroborate her point some the hidden tolls of industrialized agriculture. Instead, she appealed to the emotion of her readers by stating discourage instances in India pertaining to the unseen or, maybe, unrealized effects of highly advanced agricultural system contemporarily. Kingsolver mentioned her encounter about Vandana Shi va, the director of the Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Natural Resource Policy.

Financial analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Financial analysis - Research Paper caseReturn on faithfulness is one of the most important ratios employ to analyze the performance of the company. Investors and heed of the company use returns on equity to analyze the performance and profitability of the company. DuPont ratio analysis is used to decompose the returns on equity of both the companies. By decomposing variant elements that influence the returns on equity of companies, this say identifies important areas that help in increasing or decreasing the returns on equity. There are different elements that influence the returns on equity and some of these elements are Tax Burden, Interest Burden, Operating Margin, Asset overthrow and Leverage Ratios. DuPont analysis is applied on the two companies under study apple and BlackBerry, but this breed also uses the data of other industry important players to analyze the factors that influence the ROE of the company. Industry players that are used in this report are Motorola Solutions, Inc. (MSI) -NYSE, Nokia connection (NOK) -NYSE, Microsoft Corporation (MSFT) -NasdaqGS, Hewlett-Packard Company (HPQ) -NYSE, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) -NYSE).It has been found that apple has performed the better when compared with Blackberry and average of the industry as ROE of the company has been higher(prenominal) than Blackberry as well as higher than Industry averages. Moreover, it has been found that the returns on equity of orchard apple tree have been showing an increasing trend in the last five years whereas the returns on equity of Blackberry have been showing a declining trend. In the years 2008 and 2009, ROE of blackberry was higher than Apple but the ratio was more or less the same in the year 2010. However the returns of Apple kept on increasing and these returns exceeded the returns of Blackberry. Therefore ROE of Apple was higher than ROE of Blackberry in 2011 and 2012.Moodys Bond Rating criteria are also used to analyze

Summary Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary - Case Study utilisationDr. Joan Stafford talked about some of the environmental plan courses offered at Cal Poly. A video showed some examples of houses that had been designed with the environment in mind. Also, some of her own personal examples with dealing with nonprofit organizations were mentioned. Julie Phillips asked what the relationship was between the college of environmental design and the center. Dr. Joan Stafford replied that the college handled all the academic side of things, while the center was allowed to be more hands-on.1. Know what you want from your internship (if there is no purpose or end goal in mind, then you should not be doing it). The student should know where they are going rather than their career guidance counselor. Four types of learning that you should seek Skills (what do you want to improve?), Content Knowledge (should emerge with more knowledge in that particular field), organisational Knowledge (how involved are you in the key decisio ns that the organization has to make), and Learning about Professional support (how it feels to be working in your chosen

Water Quality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

pee Quality - Research Paper ExampleDifferent bodies set the standards for basing body of body of water system theatrical role measurements. The primary utilisation for setting standards is protection of aquatic and human life. Standards The concerned organizations set different standards according to the varying functions of water (WHO 1). Environmental factors affect natural water bodies and environmental specialists work to identify sources of contamination. Many people ordinarily associate the term water quality with contamination. piss quality, as a topic under discussion, is a complex subject since water can non be separated from the ecology. The chief cause of water pollution on the globe is its use in industrial and commercial sectors of the economy. Untreated wastes from industries pose a significant scourge to aquatic, as well as human life. Runoff water from agricultural activities also contaminates water. Parameters As verbalize earlier, standards for measuring water quality are set accordingly as uses of water vary. The intended use of water, therefore, sets parameters for water quality. There is a focus on water treated for use in industries, by human beings or in the environment. Contaminants in untreated water intended for human use cook up of organic contaminants (chemical contaminants from industrial and petroleum use), inorganic contaminants (salts and metals), and microorganisms (bacteria and viruses). Water quality depends on bio network or ecology, as well as human uses of water. For example, water may be used to dispose sewage or industrial waste thereby affecting its quality (Kaul and Gautam 4). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ceremonious in 1970s, has set two types of standards to limit contaminants in tab water. These standards are primary, which regulate substances that are apparent to harm health of people, and secondary. Secondary standards dwell on the qualities that have an effect on odor, app earance and taste. swallow water may have low levels of contaminants which may not necessarily pose a threat to health. Municipal water systems in urban areas use water purification technology to treat water from the source before distributing for human use. The terms hard and soft water describe types of water unavoidable for industrial or domestic use. Hard water contains minerals, for example, magnesium and calcium, which hamper effective washing abilities of soap. loco water, on the other hand, does not have minerals and people prefer it for washing. Soft water is not heavy for human consumption since it lacks minerals needed by the body. Therefore, softening of hard water for human use is not advisable. Environmental water quality touches on surface water in oceans, rivers and lakes. The quality standards for such water vary due to flora and fauna, ecological conditions and intended human use (Water quality targets online 10). deadly substances in water, needed for fishing , irrigation and industrial use, present risk to health. Plants irrigated with such water absorb toxins which get passed on along the chain as animals consume them. Toxins also have adverse effects on aquatic life. Water quality regulations set standards for protection of water, and establish provisions to guard against water contamination. Environmental scientists attain to preserve flora and fauna and focus on preservation of endangered kind and the health of people. Water quality sampling and testing There are numerous water quality indicators which shows that water quality as an area under discussion is multifaceted. Water exists in balance with the environment and, hence, experts make on the nose measurements of water quality on the source. Measurements of temperature, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved gases, and transparency depth (closely related to

Alphonsus Church Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Alphonsus Church - Research Paper ExampleThe historical binding ground of St. Alphonsus Catholic Church dates back to 1861 when Archbishop Peter Richard Kenrick made an invitation to the Redemptorists to construct a permanent base of operations in St. Louis. Following the invitation, the Redemptorists bought three and one-half acres of land at Grand and Cook Avenues, and draw Francis Xavier Seelos paid a visit to the construction site of the future of St. Alphonsus contestation Church who was still in St. Louis in a parish mission preaching. On May 1st 1867, ground was broken for the church and on November 3rd the same year the cornerstone was put up in and blessed by the Rev. Joseph Melchers who was thence the vicar general of the archdiocese. In 1887 the 22nd date of November, Rev. Augustus Tolton the first African-American Roman Catholic priest visited the St. Alphonsus Rock Church and met the Redemptorist Community then offered a mass which was meant for the School of Siste rs on Notre Dame in their convent chapel service within the church compound. Between the years 1887 to 2006 several invents that included the expansion of the activities of the church and alteration of the priests, clergy, deacons and pastors occurred. On 16th of August 2007, lightning struck the roof of the church resulting into a five alarm fire forcing the parish to mention their mass in the gym thereafter. This same year ( 2007) it was recommended that the church be closed to the fear of its geomorphologic deficiencies that in other words risked the lives of those who worshiped in it. This move was due to the concerns of human rights and need for worshippers safety that were considered as very important. Since then, worries have on people as if the church could be restored. Among the individuals who crucially expressed their concerns were the causality parishioners of the church such as Terry Pittman, veteran harbor pilot and the current chairperson of the Sydney Ports deal w ho also had a better understanding of the historical building materials that had been used in the construction of the church.

Transnationalization of Chinese Action Films Essay

Transnationalization of Chinese Action Films - Essay ExampleThis shift in the film paradigm is known as the transnationalism of Chinese cinema (Stephen Teo).This paper studies the transnationalism of Chinese cinema through with(predicate) the examination of four movies, namely, Enter the Dragon, Face/Off, Crouching tiger, Hidden Dragon, and One Night in Mongkok. These films will be our case studies in determining the extent and nature of transnationalism that the Chinese cinema has underwent ever since the advent of cinematic change in the late 1920s (Stephen Teo).The first film to be studied is Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, the directorial project of Ang Lee, released in the USA on 9 December 2003 (IMBD 2004). This film is the best example to study the modern sidereal day Chinese cinema, due to the strategies that Ang Lee employed in making this film. The Chinese film indus puree has unceasingly been aware that their stories and culture is essentially oriental (Stephen Teo), th at is, it can only be clearly and absolutely silent by the local anesthetics and the Asian market. With the expanding economic system and increased global interactions, the need was felt for the films to cater to a wide variety of audience, and such audience might not necessarily be from the Chinese land. This meant that the traditions and cultures shown in the Chinese cinema had to be produced in such a way that audiences from other cultural backgrounds, in particular the Americans (Stephen Teo), could advantageously comprehend them. In other words, the films should have the ability to be culturally translated (Stephen Teo). Some efforts had been make before to achieve this goal, however, all those movies depended on the concept of oriental postmodernism (Stephen Teo) to make the movie more globally understandable. This model essentially depended on portraying the complex culture to the modern market in a way that showed the modern Asian concept of Orientalism (Stephen Teo). Wha t Crouching Tiger brought with it was a change in the treatment and the thinking behind the film it focused more on globalization than postmodernism (Stephen Teo). Hence, it was more flexible (Stephen Teo) and could be easily translated and transcended into the diverse cultures worldwide. Crouching Tiger did not simply rely on the tried and tested wuxia norms of Chinese cinema, nor did it try to promote the kung fu culture always prevalent in Chinese cinema (Stephen Teo). That said, it is not true that Crouching Tiger did not portray the intrinsic martial art culture of China. In fact, coming from a Chinese background, Ang Lee had to cater to a Chinese audience at home, and so it was imperative that should include local

Critical Response Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical result - Research Paper ExampleThe two stories intricately crisscross each other and in a focussing assume a form and life of their own as they gradually unravel. Dunyes need primarily comes out as a complex yet somewhat enticing insight into the American history, delving on the relevance of cultural icons and issues pertaining to cultural representation. However, the film sometimes confuses the auditory sense going by the item that it has a lot going on in it at the same time, thereby making the maculation a little complicated with haphazardly placed setting of the events, their order and duration, and the exact relationship amid them. Still, Dunye has been able to manipulate the link amongst the plot and the story to facilitate a sense of drama. To a great extent the story relies on stereotypical contrasts and comparisons like the differences between regular, curious and evolving character of the boylike black lesbian Cheryl and Tamara, her particularly stereotypi cal, hardliner and close minded friend. The one big weakness in the film is that it predominantly intends to intrigue through the ingenuity of the exploitation of documentary techniques. May be it is owe to this that some audience may find themselves disappointed by the disparity and lack of correlation between the form and the content. What the forms in the movie Watermelon woman seem to offer, the content sadly falls concise of it. One special thing about the larger theme of the movie is that it has definitely take aftered in stress the emotional relevance and value of cinema. However, the coy romance engaged in by Cheryl, and the wacky shots that she is continually subjected to, to a large extent dilute the overall impact of the movie, making it conveniently ingratiating for an audience with regular expectations, without being able to score the incumbent and associated political comments. Though, the prime focus of the director seems to be to resuscitate a part of the African American history that conveniently got sidelined in the flow of time, which is the bleak sexual history, the film badly falls short of achieving this objective in a forceful way. However, Dunye has managed to succeed in securing varied salient objectives that attend the feature films associated with the like subjects and themes. In her own peculiar way Dunye has been able to write a history that earlier never existed. In that context, the film Watermelon Women is firm grounded in the historiographical facts and realities of the Black people and especially the black women of the last century. For instance, Cheryls quest for the Watermelon Woman, engages her in interesting and thought provoking interviews with many people who happened to be the fundamental part and dowery of the Black Club culture during the interwar days. While delving on the film in a serious and uninflected manner, one simply cannot help marking the personal stake that the director has in the movie. The Water melon Woman passim hovers around an essential black lesbian identity. However, it does so by stimulating the viewers to correlate and identify the connections between the stories of a black American actress from the bygone era, who managed to accrue fame through a range

Coffee in the Philippines Essay Example for Free

burnt umber in the Philippines EssayThis Euromonitor merchandise tarradiddle provides market place trend and market egression analysis of the Coffee industry in Philippines. With this market report, youll be able to explore in detail the changing shape and potential of the industry. You will today be able to plan and build strategy on real industry data and projections. The Coffee in Philippines market research report includesAnalysis of key supply-side and demand trendsDetailed segmentation of multinational and local productsHistoric volumes and values, company and brand market shares Five year forecasts of market trends and market growthRobust and transparent market research methodology, conducted in-country Our market research reports answer questions such asWhat is the market size of Coffee in Philippines?What are the major brands in Philippines?How significant is vending in cocoa berry distribution?How does the increasing nuber of speciality coffee shops impact retail sales of coffee? What are the coming(prenominal) prospects for instant 2-in-1 coffee, 3-in-1 coffee and 4-in-1 coffee? How are coffee pods performing in Philippines?Why buy this report?Gain competitive intelligence about market leadersTrack key industry trends, opportunities and threats pronounce your marketing, brand, strategy and market development, sales and supply functions This industry report originates from Passport, our Hot Drinks market research database. individually report is delivered with the following componentsReport PDF and WordMarket statistics Excel workbookSAMPLE ANALYSISTRENDSInstant coffee mixes continued to gain popularity in both off-trade and on-trade channels in 2010. Rising demand for these products was due to the puff in preparation with minimal time involved, which is highly valued by.

Wrongful Convictions Essay Example for Free

unlawful Convictions Es tellCauses of Wrongful Convictions There are three main causes of wrongful prison terms in the United States. This leads to wrongful punishment and causes turmoil for every integrityness involved. It then creates multiple feelings on everyones behalf, therefore leaving no choice but to choose sides. Should capital punishment be enforced or non enforced. To what extent do you believe the death penalty should be improvised? Wrongful credences are seek verboten by virtueyers and police to determine if a crook is guilty. Evidence and deoxyribonucleic acid is all crock up of the investigation that leads to an arrest. Once evidence is rangeed, the jury will then deliberate on what information and the evidence that was given. A verdict will be handed down at that time. Based on what the wickedness is, what type of punishment is given for the crime. The first cause is based on what evidence is provided. Is it true and hi-fi, or presentable in court. Drug dealers, child molesters and robberies are all a major crime. These all put one over particular sentences in place for the crimes they commit. Murderers are looked at in a different way. Honest attorneys present all evidence and information that has been gathered for the case.This in turn could determine the conviction. DNA plays an important utilization in this evidence if it is acceptable . Today the accusation is the evidence. Thus, the abominable element itself has a big say in who goes to prison. Weak and fabricated evidence is seldom looked at in the eyes of the court. Approximately one case in twenty will go to trial. This effect will cause numerous criminals to pass freely as they choose. The pros are being convicted and tried for the crime and the cons are being offered a uncomplicated way out. The effects of this cause is being set free to commit a nonher crime.There is not enough evidence to convict a criminal Plea bargaining is a second major cause of wrongfu l conviction. Plea bargains are created by fictional crimes in place of real ones. The prosecutors would embark on to see a way to game the Wrongful Convictions 3 system back to a conviction Without plea bargaining the case goes unconvincing. This in turn undermines police investigative work. Police evidence is seldom used in the courtroom. Prosecutors have found that they can coerce a plea and elevate their conviction rate by raising the number of serious charges being thrown at a defendant.By releasing criminals known to be guilty, turns the justice system into a lottery for police, prosecutors and criminals alike. The effect of this cause is commonly when the defendant lowers a smaller or reduced sentence for the crime that has been committed and tried in court. Depending on the crime committed, the pros are convicted, time served and released. The cons are the criminal has enough time to plan and pose another crime. Carrying out another crime only leads to another plea deal to stay out of prison.This will continue to be a pattern of criminal acts. The effects are criminals walk with minuscular or no punishment granted. Evidence is most generally not all that strong of a case. The third cause is the new deal made its own contribution to wrongful convictions. Statutory and enforcement government were combined to help regulate police vast discretions. A cooperative offender may get off with a civil penalty, whereas a person who sticks up for their rights may receive a criminal indictment. An asset-freeze is also associated with this new deal.Created to keep drug dealers and mobsters from returning to the neighborhood, local reposents have unanimously voted to have a neighborhood watch group. Residents properties and or property that has been seized during the investigation will be returned afterward the deal has been finalized. Residents feel they are personally violated, and are living in fear that these criminals will seminal fluid back repeatedly. For this cause there are pros, protecting civilians from future harm. The effect of this cause is that the cons are salve out there on the streets, however the evidence is not convincing enough to put the criminal away.These causes have put authorities such(prenominal) as police and attorneys on edge. Causing them to doubt the take of all the existing crimes that are happening. Wondering why they are taking Wrongful Convictions 4 such a risk capturing these criminals and watching them all be released back on the streets. Due to the evidence provided they should be punished to the fullest extent of the law. A jury can determine when a witness is giving bastard information and when they are telling the truth. Weak and fabricated evidence is often tested in court. so some criminals are wrongfully convicted. Given a plea or plea deal or even a new deal could lead to the conviction of an innocent situation In closing curtain wrongful convictions are subject to many decisions. Not on ly by a judge or jury but by the evidence that is provided in court. Given the facts we will spend vast energies in freeing a few innocent people. We must gird for battle and restore the lost law. The law must be put back in congress where under the system it must reside forever. Giving hope to those who were wrongfully convicted and setting them free.I believe we should stick to the theory innocent until proven guilty. Evidence should be provided and proved to be legitimate before being presented to the courts. If the evidence is true and accurate there should not be any pleas or plea bargains offered. Deals should not even be allowed in a courthouse. If the information is not accurate, why waste tax payers money to drive and convict an innocent person and send them to prison? We spend more time and money move to convince the world that wrongful convictions are happening everywhere.As I stated earlier DNA has become a worldwide piece of evidence to link to a crime scene investiga tion. Wrongful convictions are being overturned as we speak. They may not be criminals but are victims in a wrongful conviction. If I am a robber have valid proof I done the robbery. If I molested a child ,again have valid proof . (DNA) If I am a murderer, then yes I should receive the death penalty. I do not deserve to live if I take another life. Then again have solid proof that I am the one who committed this crime. As I do not wish to be Wrongfully Convicted

Assessments Package Essay Example for Free

Assessments Package EssayThe piece is based upon the self assessment online training. Throughout I will explain what changes the exercise has done to the watch I had prior and the view I have after. Although in I think that becoming a instance manager is a hard moving in and requires particular personality traits. I will spell out about the position of a vitrine manager and what roles and duties the job requires. I will discuss the viewpoints on ethical principles, professional responsibilities, how my viewpoints had changed after the online training, and the self-awareness I have gained that could prepare myself for a case management role. billet Changes on Ethical Principles The ethical obligations of the cover for consumers and his or her tribute of their wellness knowledge are to be upheld at all times. The ethical principles within health keeping organizations are based upon the accountability of professionalism. However, the protection differs from the type of organization for example, state programs require state laws to be accommodated and followed. The programs in which state covers is alcohol and medicine ab custom programs, Medicare, and other accreditation programs that are applicable to federal laws.Therefore, the ethical principles in my flavor are held graduate(prenominal) as the guidelines are to be followed by all organizations in order to function properly and to erect the proper care to the clients. Privacy is extremely important as no person would want his or her medical conditions and concerns placed into public hands. View Changes on Professional Responsibilities The growforce training required for upholding privacy and security of health information proved to me that it is seldom to be professional in this type of work field.The awareness or degree of the security and privacy for patients health information varies from how to use or share health information, parameters, job position influences, the leadership interpr etation, and implementing costs. The professionalism of the HIPPA security and privacy requires the formal education and proper training to ensure that the person entering this type of workforce can have on-going accountability for the security and privacy to protect health information.The standards for HIPPAs security and privacy rules address specific training requirements so professionalism debt instrument is an absolute after receiving proper training. The requirements for the high-level training are crucial because of the cost and ongoing requirements and responsibilities of the workers. The professional responsibilities of the job demands ongoing training in which the workers are constantly current with documentations and responsibilities required by each person.The viewpoints of professional responsibilities after completing the online assessment has changed based upon the amount of responsibility the workers must obtain. The responsibility to make sure no health informa tion is leaked through the system (documents, computers, weaken employees) is extremely important, therefore the information shared among people is to be protected. Although I believe that health care information is not an item in which thieves want to possess.Health care information is in my opinion pointless to steal, as people really should not care who has certain medical conditions wrong with them. The workers job to me seems like a security job with the use of a computer in regard to health records, I often picture a security guard standing in front of a medical filling room. Self-Awareness Becoming self-aware of the case management role prepares me to comprehend the responsibilities, duties, and importance of health care information.The case management role is an important role as the information obtained by the case worker is personal should be guarded or protected, and secured. I am aware of the responsibility the case managers has daily and what his or her job title requi res. However, I do not have plans or goals to get a case manager or to have that type of role in a job. I like helping people, whereas, I do not like to sit still and stare at a computers or paper work as a career.In the end, I have obtained information in which case managers jobs require extreme security, privacy, and professionalism. The case management role is precisely for certain people who can handle that type of job. Becoming a case manager is not a random choice a person picks for a career. For me, it is nice to obtain information in regard to the role of a case manager and realized how important case managers jobs are and what his or her daily duties require.

Money Is Not Everything Case Essay Example for Free

M maveny Is Not Everything Case turn up1. According to C.S. Lewis there are three things morality is concerned about , what are those things? Explain severally genius. Morality, then, seems to be concerned with three things. First, with fair play and harmony between individuals. Second, with what might be called tidying up or harmonizing the things inside each individual. Third, with the general purpose of human life as a self-coloured what man was made for what course the whole fleet ought to be one what tune the conductor of the solidification wants it to playa. Personal Whats the use of thinking and just drawing up rules if we dont think that the courage and unselfishness of individuals is ever going to make any system work b. communal Kindness and fair play between nation, classes and individuals c. Purpose the thinking that every individual lives on forever. This gist that we are more valuable than anything in the world which will come to an end.2. What are the 4 fund amental Virtues? (Give a definition of cardinal and each of the virtues)? Cardinal virtues are virtues which are common to all people, Christian or non. It is derived from a Latin word sum the hinge of a door because they are icy d. Prudence practical common sense harmless as doves exactly also as bracing as serpents e. Temperance putting a limit to ones addictions f. Justice fairnessg. endurance 2 kinds of courage, faces danger and sticks it under pain guts3. What does it mean for payload to be elusive? jailbreak a commitment for a higher commitment Breaking a commitment is considered bad by society the less you think about your commitment, the deeper it is 4. What is the meaning of the statement Commitment is a selection and a promise? And how does it relate to freedom? Though we subscribe a quality, people allow themselves to be discompose with the voluntary slavery of indetermination. The promise is a particular kind of choice. Unlike every other choice we make, w hat is unique about a promise is that it describes something we intend to do in the future, whereas any other choice is a formal determination about the present. By giving my word, I am assuming an obligation, but I do more than that.I yield to other, or others, a claim over myself by creating an expectation in them concerning what I say I will do for them. Since we are given choices, it subject matter that we confuse freedom. As more choices are given to us, we find oneself that there is more freedom. Also, choosing a commitment means that you are doing what you want. You would never deliberately choose something that you dont want. In the end, you will feel more free with your commitment because you are doing something that you like doing. 5. Explain the meaning of sense of right and wrong having both a subjective and objective aspect. Subjective It is ours, we are responsible for how we decide Objective it transcends our individualistic, private notions and bind us, occupat ion us ur of ourselves into relation with others and before God6. What is the difference of fear conscience and philosophical-ethical conscience? Fear conscience Baka mahuli akoPhilosophical Hindi magandang magnakaw7. What are the two axial commitments according to Haughey? Explain at least one of them? (note you can decide just to give one or two examples for each axial commitment) h. The prototypal is the commitment of God to His Soni. Self-donation as a general description1. I am not growing this relationship. Should I end it?2. Is self-donation opposed to freedom?ii. Complete commitment to the other in eff is at the heart and core of the internal life of God Himselfiii. Commitment is an essential part of earthly concerniv. Commitment generates communionv. Commitment is compatible to freedom (self-donation)i. The other is Jesus commitmentvi. Commitment is a process (Not a single act)vii. Commitment is motivated by love3. Love one another as I have love youviii. Commitment is a bout communion4. As the Father has loved me, so have I loved you. Abide in mylove ix. Commitment has a watch direction5. No one comes to the Father except through mex. Commitment involves freedom6. No one expects it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord 8. What does it mean for Jesus commitment to be totally free? j. For this reason, the Father loves me, because I lay down my life that I may take it up again. No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take it up again. This charge I have received from my Father. 9. What is the meaning of this statement, The purity of the commitment means you dont just make it, you yield to it(freely, gladly made)? 10. What is the meaning of this statement, The commitment that is rooted in mutual presence of oneself and God more likely will be preserved?

Money Chimp Essay Example for Free

Money Chimp EssayAt the time of this writing, as the old saying goes, some could say it is the worst of times. However, for those who are planning for the enormous term, this is an excellent time to put money aside, as oer time, the problems seen today will subside, and the financial markets over the long term have a way of balancing gains and losses. This being said, this paper will snap on the planning of a 401K over the long term for the best possible outcome. What is the Best woof and WhyIn the case of the researcher, and indeed for other investors who do not have unlimited funds to invest and are looking toward the long term, within a 401K account, the best investment strategy is to low gear make contributions under the conventional IRA rules, up to the limit of $5,000 annually, and then to make Roth IRA contributions. The creator for this is that the Traditional IRA contributions, again up to $5,000, is tax deductible today, providing present day financial improvem ent as well as the security of retirement income years later.The numbers show this for example, the maximum $5,000 Traditional IRA contribution, each year for the next 20 years, will on average provide close 5% more funds for retirement than the Roth option (Money Chimp IRA Calculator, 2009). It must also be understood, however, that over the $5,000 limit annually, the Roth will provide tax savings upon retirement, and in this way, tax savings foundation be maximized no matter what.Works CitedMoney Chimp IRA Calculator (2009). Retrieved March 6, 2009 from the adult male Wide Web www. moneychimp. com

Alzheimers Essay Example for Free

Alzheimers EssayAlzheimers disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that late destroys retention and thinking skills, and eventually even the world power to carry out the simplest tasks. In most large number with Alzheimers, symptoms first appear after age 60. Alzheimers disease is the most common cause of alienation among older heap. Dementia is the loss of cognitive functioningthinking, computer memory, and reasoningand behavioural abilities, to such an extent that it interferes with a persons quotidian life and activities. Dementia ranges in severity from the delicateest stage, when it is just beginning to fall upon a persons functioning, to the most severe stage, when the person must depend completely on others for basic activities of daily living. What be the stages of Alzheimers?There ar five stages associated with Alzheimers disease preclinical Alzheimers disease, mild cognitive impairment, mild derangement receivable to Alzheimers, cultivate d ementia delinquent to Alzheimers and severe dementia collectible to Alzheimers.1.Preclinical Alzheimers diseaseAlzheimers disease begins long before any(prenominal) symptoms pop off apparent. This stage is called preclinical Alzheimers disease. You wont ceremonial symptoms during this stage, nor will those around you. This stage of Alzheimers can last for years, possibly even decades. Although you wont notice any changes, new imaging technologies can now identify depo hinge upons of a substance called amyloid beta that urinate been associated with Alzheimers disease. The ability to identify these early deposits whitethorn be especially important as new treatments are developed for Alzheimers disease. 2.Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimers disease mint with mild cognitive impairment remove mild changes in their memory and thinking ability. These changes arent significant enough to affect work or relationships yet. People with MCI may have memory lapses when it c omes to information that is usually easily remembered, such as conversations, recent events or appointments. People with MCI may also have trouble judging the amount of time needed for a task, or they may have difficulty correctly judging the number or sequence of steps needed to complete a task. The ability to understandsound decisions can become harder for people with MCI. non everyone with mild cognitive impairment has Alzheimers disease. In some cases, MCI is due to depression or a transient medical complication. The same procedures used to identify preclinical Alzheimers disease can help determine whether MCI is due to Alzheimers disease or something else.3.Mild dementia due to Alzheimers diseaseAlzheimers disease is often diagnosed in the mild dementia stage, when it becomes clear to family and doctors that a person is having significant trouble with memory and thinking. In the mild Alzheimers stage, people may experienceMemory loss for recent events. Individuals may have an especially hard time remembering newly learned information and repeatedly ask the same question. Difficulty with problem-solving, complex tasks and sound judgments. formulation a family event or balancing a checkbook may become overwhelming. Many people experience lapses in judgment, such as when making financial decisions. Changes in personality. People may become subdued or withdrawn especially in socially challenging situations or show uncharacteristic irritability or anger. Decreased attention span and reduced motivation to complete tasks also are common. Difficulty organizing and expressing thoughts. Finding the right words to describe objects or clearly express ideas becomes increasingly challenging. acquire lost or misplacing attri merelye. Individuals have increasing trouble finding their way around, even in familiar places. Its also common to retreat or misplace things, including valuable items.4.Moderate dementia due to Alzheimers diseaseDuring the abate stage of Alzheimers, people grow more confused and forgetful and begin to need help with daily activities and self-care. People with moderate Alzheimers disease mayShow increasingly poor judgment and deepening confusion. Individuals lose track of where they are, the day of the week or the season. They often lose the ability to recognize their own belongings and may inadvertently take things that dont belong to them. They may confuse family members or close friends with one another, or mistake strangers for family. They oftenwander, possibly in search of surroundings that feel more familiar and right. These difficulties make it unsafe to leave those in the moderate Alzheimers stage on their own. Experience even greater memory loss. People may forget details of their personal history, such as their address or recall number, or where they attended school. They repeat favorite stories or make up stories to fill gaps in memory. engage help with some daily activities. Assistance may be required with choosing proper clothing for the purpose or the weather and with bathing, grooming, using the bathroom and other self-care. Some individuals occasionally lose control of their water supply or bowel movements. Undergo significant changes in personality and behavior. Its not unusual for people with moderate Alzheimers to develop unfounded suspicions for example, to become convinced that friends, family or professional caregivers are stealing from them or that a spouse is having an affair. Others may see or hear things that arent really there. Individuals often grow restless or agitated, especially late in the day. People may have outbursts of aggressive physical behavior.5.Severe dementia due to Alzheimers diseaseIn the severe (late) stage of Alzheimers, mental function continues to decline and the disease has a ontogeny impact on movement and physical capabilities. In severe Alzheimers, people generallyLose the ability to communicate coherently. An individual can no longer c onverse or speak coherently, although he or she may occasionally say words or phrases. Require daily assistance with personal care. This includes primitive assistance with eating, dressing, using the bathroom and all other daily self-care tasks. Experience a decline in physical abilities. A person may become unable to walk without assistance, then unable to sit or hold up his or her head without support. Muscles may become rigid and reflexes abnormal. Eventually, a person loses the ability to swallow and to control bladder and bowel functions.TreatmentAlzheimers disease is complex, and it is unlikely that any one intervention will be found to delay, prevent, or cure it. Thats why veritable approaches in treatment and research focus on several different aspects, includinghelping people observe mental function, managing behavioral symptoms, and slowing or delaying the symptoms of disease.Maintaining mental functionFour medications are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administrati on to treat Alzheimers. They may help maintain thinking, memory, and speaking skills, and help with indisputable behavioral problems. However, these medicines dont change the underlying disease process, are effective for some but not all people, and may help only for a limited time.Managing Behavioral SymptomsCommon behavioral symptoms of Alzheimers include sleeplessness, agitation, wandering, anxiety, anger, and depression. Scientists are learning why these symptoms occur and are studying new treatmentsdrug and non-drugto manage them. Treating behavioral symptoms often makes people with Alzheimers more comfortable and makes their care easier for caregivers.Slowing, Delaying, or Preventing Alzheimers DiseaseAlzheimers disease research has developed to a point where scientists can look beyond treating symptoms to think about addressing underlying disease processes. In ongoing clinical trials, scientists are looking at many possible interventions, such as immunization therapy, cogni tive training, physical activity, antioxidants, and the effects of cardiovascular and diabetes treatments.Alzheimers Referenceshttp//www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_what_is_alzheimers.asp http//www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet http//www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/in-depth/alzheimers-stages/art-20048448?pg=1 https//www.alz.org/what-is-dementia.asphttp//umm.edu/health/medical/reports/articles/alzheimers-disease

Amy Chua Hanna Rosen Essay Example for Free

Amy Chua Hanna Rosen EssayAmy Chua and Hannah rub a relation and contrast of p arnting stylesIn recent years, Yale professor Amy Chua has drawn a great deal of attention ascribable to her focus on a parenting style that is foreign twain figuratively and literally to most western sandwich parents. This style centers on a Chinese mock up that Chua espouses, and that has become famous, or infamous, for the stern and rigorous practices that Chua implemented with her own two daughters. Chua has received a large amount of amateurism one of her critics is Hannah Rosin, a big writer and editor. In response to Chua, Rosin kayoedlines an alternative method of parenting. It can be argued that while two Chua and Rosin are involved and devoted m a nonher(prenominal)s, they have distinctly contrasting views on how to raise kidren. on that point are three areas in which this contrast can be most clearly seen attitudes to success, attitudes to self-esteem, and attitudes to ecstasy. Amy Chuas dashl of parenting has success at its core. Chua sums up the Chinese cuddle to activities in this trend What Chinese parents understand is that nix is fun until youre good at it (Chua, 2011). With this as a mantra, Chua promotes an extremely rigorous approach to much(prenominal) activities as learning a musical instrument she reckons that two or three hours of practicing an instrument effortless is appropriate for young kidskinren. Furthermore, Chua banks that parents should not give their children any choice over which musical instruments to learn the violin and piano are the totally acceptable choices, regardless of the childs natural talent or predilection. This approach is also evident in academics. Chua says, the vast majority of Chinese mothersbelieve their children can be the dress hat students, that academic achievement reflects successful parenting and that if children did not excel at school there was a problem and parents were not doing their job (Ch ua, 2011).Hannah Rosin takes a distinctly divergent approach to success, one that is arguably more reflective of Western attitudes in general. Rosin says, Ms. Chua has the diagnosis of American childhood exactly backward. What interior American children need is not more skills and rules and math drills. They need to lighten up and roam free, to stockpile themselves in waysnot dictated by their uptight, over-invested parents (Rosin, 2011). In Rosins view, Chuas pas seul of success is ultimately very limiting. Rosin doesnt argue that success is a negative involvement in and of itself however, her looser, freer approach suggests that it can be achieved differently.Another area where Rosin and Chua differ from each other is in their approach to self-esteem and the way in which parents should treat their children. Chua openly admits that it is common for Chinese parents to amaze comments to their children that Western parents find reprehensible, such as Hey fatty, lose some weight, or referring to a child as garbage (Chua, 2011). However, Chua defends these comments by arguing that in fact, Chinese parents speak in this way because ultimately, they believe that their children are capable of being the better(p). She contends that Chinese children write out that their parents think highly of them, and criticize them only because they have high expectations and know that their children can meet them.Hannah Rosin disagrees. She says, there is no reason to believe that calling your child lazy or stupid or worthless is a better way to motivate her to be good than some other more gentle but persistent mode (Rosin, 2011). She believes that a parents role is not to act as a harsh critic and task master, but rather to guide them through the inevitable difficulties of life that arise. Unlike Chua, Rosin is not concerned with forcing her children to be the best. Rather, she says that It is better to have a happy, moderately successful child than a miserable high-achiev er (Rosin, 2011).It is in this area, pertaining to notions of happiness that Chua and Rosin depart most distinctly from each other. It can be argued that the idea of happiness is almost completely absent from Amy Chuas template. Chua says, Chinese parents believe that they know that is best for their children and therefore override all of their childrens own desires and preferences (Chua, 2011). In other words, the feelings or preference of the child as an individual are lacking completely from the Chinese framework of parenting. The childs happiness, or misery, is completely irrelevant, because theparent is the supreme authority, acting in the childs best interest. Chua claims, Its not that Chinese parents dont care about their children , just the opposite. They would give up any subject for their children (Chua, 2011). However, the one thing that Chua and other parents will not give up is complete authoritarian control.Rosin takes an entirely different approach to the value of ind ividual happiness. She observes that happiness does not come through being successful furthermore, happiness is the great human quest (Rosin, 2011). Parents cannot possibly always be in a position to know what will make a child happy or not children must work out their own path to happiness (Rosin, 2011). Rosin believes that an over-emphasis on perfection will not lead to great happiness and may even create less happiness in the end.In conclusion, it is undeniable that both Amy Chua and Hannah Rosin love their children and believe that their approach to parenting is based on a desire to do what is best for those children. However, the two approaches present a sharp contrast to each other. Amy Chua believes that success, perfection and being the best are of paramount importance, and will ultimately build a childs self-esteem (Chua, 2011). Hannah Rosin is sarcastic of the harshness of the Chinese template and argues for a gentler approach, one that takes the natural interests and ta lent of the child into account (Rosin, 2011). Rosin notes that the idea of enjoyment or happiness is strikingly absent from Chuas parenting style in turn, Chua observes that many a(prenominal) Western parents are disappointed with the choices that their children make in their lives (Rosin, 2011 Chua, 2011). It can be argued that both the Eastern approach and Western approach have a great deal to offer each other a wise parent knows how to walk a middle ground.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein construe forMary Shelleys Frankenstein tells the story of Victors ambition to successfully create a invigoration through the use of science. In the present times, this is closely known as genetic engineering or cloning, wherein a scientist or a doctor dabbles in the reachs of creating a new lifespan or transforming a life through science and technology. Shelley shows in her action that Victor had successfully created a being, moreover it stunned him, not in amazement entirely in hatred and fear of the misshapen animate being he has created. The creature that Victor created was adultlike like in its physique but childlike in its mind. Its sinlessness became its downfall as it slowly learned, the hard way, that it is not a normal human being but a reject of the society because of its appearance. This led to its violent rampage destroying the things that it desires, belongingness in the society, and created an even more horrendous aura that caus ed people, even its creator, a deeper terror and horror in its existence.This shows that such inventions and discoveries does not necessarily consider success in the world of science as such creatures do not play a significant role in making the lives of people better. This indicates that science and technology has a great mogul in playing with fate and lives that people tend to question its ethics, morals and determine. Shelley successfully presents in her work that science has to consider certain ethics and morals with its inventions, thinking about the purpose and result of the work in the world of humans.Ethics and morals are the basis of how humans live and think. The society strongly against inventions such as cloning and genetic engineering because of these values. Although the value life is a strong originator for dabbling into the arts of creating or transforming human life, the society thinks immoral of such actions because it makes the creator play with life, which in a religious or ethical sense, humans cannot play with. Shelleys Frankenstein shows that playing with fate and life has its consequences.Something that is created from the pieces of earth cannot be entirely human on its own. Rejection is always present in society, and it cannot be blamed on the people when a creature, as misshapen as Frankenstein roams the streets without full intimacy of what life is. The lesson the Shelley leaves her readers is the importance of considering how knowledge is to be used for humanity and to improve human life. Another impacting thought that Shelley leaves is the significance of proper direction of the masters to their students.When Victor showed an uncanny interest in modern science, his teachers dismissed his curiousity without explaining to him why such spell is dangerous and not worth paying attention to. Victor turned to modern science because of the limitations of alchemy. He combined his knowledge of aggripa, alchemy and the modern scienc e to turn create a new life that he later rejected and loathed. Both the educators and the students have a responsibility in what they do and the results of their actions. in front any scientific invention and discovery is pursued, ethical considerations, moral responsibility and purpose is to be weighed. Educators and students should look at their works with purpose and not just because they wanted to create something new. They have to consider the results of such actions, and if it will result to something that is not beneficial for human life and will endanger the morals and values of the society, then it should be discouraged. Science and technology is something that is to be used to improve human life not destroy it.

Ottawa Charter0National Tabacco Campaign Essay Example for Free

Ottawa Charter0National Tabacco feating analyseThe Ottawa Charter is a global health promotion run by the world ripeness Organisation. It involves five action areas called developing personal skills, creating substantiating environss, strengthening conjunction action, reorienting health operate and build legal public policies. To combat lung jakescer and other health risks the Australian g all overnment launched The National tobacco 2011 Campaign to raise awareness of smoking through the five action areas to reduce the number of mundane smokers by 2018.Developing personal skills supports personal and companionable development through the use of information and resources, which civilise health benefits to conjure life skills. In gaining theses skills individualists can make informed decisions to encounter control of their lives. In sex act to the National tobacco Campaign 2011, this will involve raising awareness on the set up of smoking, encouraging individ uals to dispense with therefore reducing their chances of developing ling cancer. Strategies employed by the campaign to computer address developing personal skills include media campaigns and quit tips.The current media campaign features television, radio, publishs and online advertisements to address the issue of smoking and its relation to lung cancer and other health risks. The recent cough TV advertisement shows an average Australian manly. He is enjoying time with his mates, at pasture, spending time with the family however he is constantly coughing. Then the voice over states every laughingstock brings cancer closer. This short but powerful statement informs individuals that every cigarette they foreshorten is putting them at the risk of developing cancer.Thorough the tactic of showing an average Australian male it allows the public to relate to the situation, empowering them to change their garments or else you could end up leaving your loved ones behind. Another s cheme is the use of quit tips. This website fact page illustrates new ways that individual can relax as many people smoke while bored or var.ed. Some of these relaxation methods include alive techniques, exercise or a change of r revealine such as chewing gum or having a stress ball in the car to utilize while stuck in traffic.These strategies are instructive yet realistic ways in which individual can swap a smoking habit for a confirmatory health choice instead. This physically helps individuals to make an informed choice to develop their individual skills. By adapting these new life skills through the promotion of stress relief methods individuals are encouraged to take control and empower their own lives. It educates that smoking doesnt relieve stress yet it only causes stress with its relation to many health risks.Developing personal skills is an important sector of the Ottawa Charter as without it individuals wouldnt be educated to see the underlying effects of smoking and its strong link to lung cancer. Creating supportive environments focuss on the environments in which people work, live and play. The aim is to ensure these environments reflect healthy living through the promotion of positive health choices. In relation to the National Tobacco Campaign 2011, this principle involves encouraging one another to quit smoking.This personal and community support takes into consideration the several(a) needs of society in the need to grapple against smoking. Strategies include providing fact sheets in a signifier of languages and providing an online quit service. Australia is a very multicultural society and the campaign has taken this into consideration by creating print and radio advertisements in over 20 languages. This campaign has a goal to reduce the percentage of day-to-day adult smokers by 2018. By providing health promotions in diverse languages, it opens this goal up to the wider Australian commonwealth encouraging equity and support.By brea king the language barrier the non-English intercommunicateers/readers will feel more back up and encouraged to quit smoking, therefore reducing their chances of developing lung cancer. This advertisement highlights they ways in which the human frame will repair itself once smoking has stopped and its motto is Every cigarette you dont smoke is doing you good. The statement is encouraging and supports the fact that every cigarette has an impact. Another way the tobacco campaign volunteers a supportive environment is through the telephone quitline.By phoning 131 848 an individual can confidentially speak to a counselor gain information but importantly advice and acknowledgement of their efforts so far. This local emdead body call can be made from anywhere around Australia, supporting those living in rural areas. Furthermore this quitline can go on to mail individual a quit coach book. This provides the ruff ways to quit, ways to cope with withdrawal symptoms and details on cour ses run by local organizations that head extra help and counseling. This strategy is effective as it helps individuals realize that hey are not alone and their try to quit will stretch so many advantages. done first hand advice and the help of captain encouragement individuals recover the confidence to keep going. Through this support within the environment individuals are more likely to access/continue to use support services to adapt positive behaviors in their lives. These changing life patterns will stop the smoking habits, reduce the risk of lung cancer and enhance overall wellbeing. http//www. boredofstudies. org/wiki/Ottawa_Charter_for_Health_Promotion_(1986)Strengthening community action involves public participation to achieve better health. Through initiatives stimulate by the community, healthy living patterns can be established to raise awareness and empower action. In relation to the National Tobacco Campaign this involves the help of professional within the comm unity as well as local governments and the public to make and implement action on smoking. Some strategies to strengthening community action include the help someone quit page, and individual community projects.The help someone quit initiative provides information on ways to aid a friend by encouraging them and sideline through with their progress, even if youve never smoked before. It states the importance of not nagging a smoker to quit, as that just makes them want to retaliate. Yet the best approach is to clearly explain the motives to stop smoking and offer support. If non smokers and in particular past smokers where to help individuals within the community to quit smoking the whole populations health and attitude would be strengthened, encouraging positive health behaviors.The Bankstown community has specifically strengthened their action by installing No smoking signs and restricting smoking 10m within childrens playgrounds. This strategy requires an extra shout as it requi res the help of the general public to enforce the rule, saving children from passive smoking. The signs educate the public on the hazard of smoking but the enforcement from the public is what will strengthen its success. Through establishing support groups and encouraging social support, the community is brought together to solve smoking through empowerment. (http//www. bankstown. sw. gov. au/Installation-of-New-No-Smoking-Signs/default. aspx) Reorienting heath services refers to utilizing services aimed at prevention, promotion and finding a cure. It is the responsibility of individuals, community groups, health professionals, institutions and governments to work together to achieve good health. In relation to the National Tobacco campaign it involves the shared role of all health services to lead a change to prevent smoking and support wellbeing. Strategies include working with various campaign partners and a earn to GPs written by the chief medical officer.The campaigns website offers links to both Australian and internationalist organizations who care for health with a goal of tackling smoking. Examples include the National Asthma council, World Health brass instrument and the Australian Cancer Society. Some of these health services have drop-in-centers or stores/clinics but they all offer information and resources on smoking or lung cancer. Some organizations are preventative while others are redress services. This is effective as through this extra support individuals can expand their knowledge and find a network that works best with their needs.The Australian governments chief medical officer, Jim Bishop wrote a letter directed at GPs asking for their support on the National Tobacco Campaign. It mentions that smoking is the largest preventable make disease. He later went on to ask local doctors to conduct brief interventions with their smoking patients, encouraging them to quit. Through this incentive the action of the local GP will maximize societ ys members to quit. The smokers will receive professional help from their trusted GP to aid their own individual responsibility.Once both teams work together, this is when good health can be achieved. Through the help of extra health professionals individual can see the overall effects of smoking and with this extra support confidence will be achieved to fight the risk of developing lung cancer by stopping smoking habits Building Healthy Public policy relates to policies and legislations made by the government to create health improvements. It goes beyond health care as it designs rules in addition generating consequences for those who disobey.In relation to the National Tobacco campaign it involves rules on where smoking is prohibited and where cigarettes can be sold as well as punishments for those who neglect these rules. The following law states that from March 2006, all cigarette packets require pictorial health warnings and the quitline number. These images are a form of sca re tactics that shoot out health warnings in the bid that smokers will become turned off by imagers of cancerous body parts. The quitline on the box encourages individuals to quit and almost plays as a guilty trip, that each cigarette they exalt is causing them damage.

To See isn’t to Belong but to Touch is to Feel Essay Example for Free

To See isnt to buy the farm and to Touch is to Feel EssayThe Cathedral is a very inte simplicitying short apologue that defines people and places. Raymond Carver demonstrated how spiritual impostureness can make a person lightsome his sense of place and ultimately barricades a person sense of touch. There could be places where two or more people live or stay close to one another but be really out of touch because they have set walls in between. This ignorance has made people unable to butt against what is beyond in every subject with their normal eyesight in which the author of the short fiction spel livelihoodsted in the beginning. phantasmal blindness leads to lack of communication or understanding. This is the state of Bub the narrator when he first met Robert who is blind, a spacious time friend of his wife. Robert serves as the story keeper of the narrators wife whose name was never mentioned but was evidently called my wife by Bub and my dear to him.The narrator s voice was craftily inscribed by the pen of the writer it described his skepticism towards the blind friend of his wife and his easy release relationship with his wife. The tone of the story tells about a marriage that is going towards a period of lukewarmness despite to the wo slice it is already a marriage of a second chance for happiness. The tones used by the writer to describe the blind man prefigured a strong man that despite of his business dealicap, Robert is a man who made his touch more powerful than his eyes.The voices even expressed how fruitless it was to described a thing when the eye that can see can not comprehend what it sees that is when the narrator finally commented Im not doing so good, am I (Carver, 1983)? But ironically was able to explain how the blind man understood things when he began to asked if the paintings are made of fresco paints and that cathedrals needs hundred of civiliseers who would never lived to see their work completed because it takes a hundred years for it to be built.Robert explained to Bub that a lifetime is not enough to nobble everything by saying that theyre no different from the rest of us, right (Carver, 1983)? The story tells about a man who learned to live well without having the gift of sight of which many people are unequal to(p) of doing. Many people today are like Bub who are afraid to live without their necessities in life and are even unhappy in spite of what they have.Bub is a physically complete person, good natured but do not possess a deep character because of his insensitivity towards the needs of others. Though he possesses his youth and physical attributes he was an incomplete person and that search led him to use cocaine simply because he wanted more but just cannot get or know where to take it in spite of the presence of a wife. The woman on the other hand is the feminine version of humankind who seeks to be nurtured and loved but still was taken for granted by her husband. Her longing to belong was the case she was able to keep that good friendship with Robert which according to his husband was just a form of entertainment or diversion or a life that we call simply fleeting away.The climax of the story was when Bubs hand was touched by Robert while sketching the figures of the cathedral as he sees them on the television system screen. Bubs hand was able to define the lines and the blind man was able to see through those strokes. However, that switch of motion taught Bub to see without staring and made him recognize his sense of place by simply smell he was on it as he is being guided by another. He finally tangle that he is with someone and that experience made him see without looking.Finally, Bub learned from Robert how to feel through those same custody that was able to accompany Beulah to her deathbed and touched the face of his wife with an elegant tenderness. The handicap in Carvers story was able to prove to the world the importance of touch because the man who feels and knew how to reciprocate that sense makes a person real, strong and lovable. Cravers short story shows a man of every man in modern times, unmindful as long as he does his own thing and that solitude separates him from the rest so he see without seeing and that blindness forbade him to touch and feel.By the end of the story the blind man succeeded in guiding Bub to learn about himself and about human communication as Robert reached for his hand so he too can learn how a cathedral really looks (Donley, 1995). Bub finally realized his sense of place with an eyes closed when he exclaimed at the end that It was like nothing in my life up to now (Carver, 1983).ReferencesCarver, R. (1983). Cathedral Electronic Version. Retrieved 19 April 2008, from http//www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/cinichol/GovSchool/Cathedral2.htmDonley, C. (1995). Carver, Raymond Cathedral Electronic Version. Retrieved 19 April 2008, from http//litmed.med.nyu.edu/Annotation? effect=viewannid=744

The Welfare Effects Of A Government Policy Economics Essay

The Wel utmostgon set up Of A Government polity Economics EssayFor the purpose of this paper pick out and tack on compendium is employ to show how it female genital organ be applied to a wide variety of economic problems. In the first section consumer and maker sur cocksure is lucrerer outlined and explained to understand the eudaemonia effects of a organization polity. In different words, consumer and manufacturing business surplus flush toilet evaluate who gains and who loses from a given policy, and too by how much. Also crinkle that these twain concepts of surplus empennage also be used to demonstrate the efficacy of a rivalrous grocery store.In the sections to follow minimum outlays, bell supports, and related policies testament be discussed in to a greater extent detail. To instigate the theory, demand- turn in analysis entrust be used to understand and assess these policies.Consumer and Producer SurplusTo understand consumer and drawr surplus unwr ap the principles of mo crystalliseary value ceilings and floors exit be discussed. As opposed to damage floors, a organization-imposed bell ceiling heart and soul that the equipment casualty is set at a disdain direct than the charge in the prevailing commercialize. Likewise, price ceilings will cause the bar of a grievous demanded to rise. This happens because at none prices consumers inadequacy to corrupt more. On the other hand, the measurement supplied will f on the whole because producers are non willing to supply as much at lower prices. As a answer of this a shortage will slip by, which also indicates excess demand. Note that those consumers who after lot button up pervert the good will be better off because they now birth slight. However, supply will fall, forcing producers to provide less of their goods.The following section provides a more detailed explanation of the welfare gained or lost by both consumers and producers, should certain prices be imposed. For the purpose of this section the assumption follows that consumers and producers buy and cheat on at the prevailing merchandise price in an unregulated, combative market.However, for slightly consumers the value of the good in question exceeds the prevailing market price. This also means that the consumer would be willing to pay more for the good if it was expected. Therefore, consumer surplus is the aggregate benefit that consumers come across beyond what they pay for the good (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005300). For example if the market price of a product is R7, but the consumer is willing to pay R10 for it, whence his net benefit will be R3.Consumer surplus trick also be explained with the aid of demand and supply curves. In this respect consumer surplus potty be interpreted as the sports stadium between the demand curve and the market price. Pindyck and Rubinfeld (2005300) also states that consumer surplus measures the net benefit to consumers in the agg regate, thitherfore, this analysis tidy sum be used to better understand the gains or wronges induced from organization intercessions.On the other hand, producer surplus is the equivalent measure for producers (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005301). If goods were to be produced at a price lower than the market price, then more could be produced. Therefore, producers will enjoy a benefit, or rather a surplus, from selling those units. This surplus is the difference between the market price the producer receives and the marginal cost of producing the units. It squirt also be better explained as the area preceding(prenominal) the supply curve up to the market price.Essentially consumer and producer surplus is used for economic analysis to evaluate the welfare effects of a government intervention in the market. It assists with anticipating who will gain or lose from the intervention, and also by how much. To do so the concepts of price ceilings and price floors will be explained in mo re detail. cost CeilingsPrice ceilings occur when mathematical product (supply) is decreased and the quantity demanded is change magnitude (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005301). Price ceilings tend to cause excess demand, or rather shortages, to occur. material body 1 Graphical Presentation of a Price CeilingThe following section provides a theoretical explanation of epithet 1 and the effects of price ceilings on consumers and producers respectivelyConsumer Surplus (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005302 and Perloff, 2005274, 296, 297)Consumers are better off as they can buy the good at a lower price.Thus, the consumers that yet buy the good enjoy an growing in consumer surplus, which is resembled by rectangle A.On the other, those consumers who can no eight-day buy the good lose surplus. Their privation is checked by triangle B.Therefore, the net limiting in consumer surplus which is a positive result isCS = A BProducer Surplus (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005303 and Perloff, 2005278, 280, 297)With price controls, well-nigh producers will stay in the market but will receive a lower price for their sidetrack. Thus, they aim lost the producer surplus cook uped by rectangle A.Other producers may even so leave the market. This means that impart production will also drop, which is represented by triangle C.Therefore, the change in producer surplus, which is a proscribe result, isPS = (-A) CDeadweight Loss (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005304 and Perloff, 2005280, 281)Price controls will result in a net passage, which is also referred to as deadweight loss.Therefore, combining the change in both consumer and producer surplus will bring along a total change in surplus as followsDeadweight Loss = (A B) + (-A) -C = (-B) CIn encumbrance, deadweight loss results in an inefficiency caused by price controls.In summation, a price ceiling is that price held below the prevailing market price. It merely means that too little is produced and, at the corresponding time, tha t consumers and producers in the aggregate are worse off (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005306 and Mohr, 2004162, 163).Price FloorsIn tell apart to price ceilings, price floors indicate what happens when government requires for the price to be above the market price. Although producers would like to produce more at this high price (indicated on the supply curve at P2) consumers will now buy less. If we assume that producers all produce what can be sold, then the market output level will be at Q1. Once again at that place is a noted net loss of total surplus (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005306, and Perloff, 2005293)Triangles B (a loss of consumer surplus) and C (a loss of producer surplus) represents the deadweight loss.Rectangle D represents the transfer from consumers to producers, who now receive a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) price.Figure 2 Graphical Presentation of a Price FloorIn fact, the deadweight loss gives an optimistic assessment of the efficiency cost of policies. The reason for this assumption is that some producers may still however increase prices after the price floor have been incorporated. This would, in turn, result in unsold output. However, should the producer receive more importance with regard to applicable policies, then government power buy up the unsold output to maintain production at Q0. In both cases, the total welfare loss will exceed the areas of triangles B and C (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005307).The Efficiency of a Competitive MarketAs discussed already, consumer and producer surplus can be used to evaluate economic efficiency in the aggregate. In the previous section it was shown how price controls create a deadweight loss. Thus, the policy imposes an efficiency cost on the miser airss (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005306). Both consumer and producer surplus are overthrowd by the amount of the deadweight loss. This does not mean that such a policy is bad. It may however achieve other objectives that policymakers and the public consid er important.Many researchers present that if the only objective is to achieve economic efficiency, then a competitive market would be better left alone. This means that no interventions should occur. However, in some cases market functionure will occur because prices fail to provide the proper signals to consumers and producers. Also, the unregulated, competitive market could be inefficient. These indications of market failure may occur because of two instances (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005306)Externalities Sometimes the actions of either consumers or producers will result in a cost/benefit that does not show up as part of the market price. Such a cost/benefit can also be referred to as externalities because they are external to the market. An example of this is the cost to society of environmental befoulment by a producer of industrial chemicals.Lack of Information When consumers lack information about the superior or nature of a product and can therefore not make a utility-max imising get decision.If these two instances (externalities and/or the lack of information) are absent in a market then that unregulated, competitive market will essentially have no obstacles, and an economically efficient output level can be reached.Minimum PricesFor the purpose of this section we will refer back to Figure 2. From the graph we can see that if producers can correctly anticipate that they can sell only the lower quantity Q1, then the net welfare will be given by triangles B and C. However, as mentioned before, producers may not limit their output to Q1. Incorporating Figure 2 to illustrate minimum prices, the following notations has to be made (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005310)P2 denotes a minimum price set by the government.Q2 denotes the quantity supplied, and Q1 denotes the quantity demanded. The difference between Q1 and Q2 represents excess supply, or rather, unsold supply.Therefore, Consumer Surplus (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005310)Those consumers who still bribe the good essentialiness now pay a higher price (Rectangle D).Some consumers will also drop out of the market (Triangle B).Therefore, consumer surplus remains the alike(p)(p) as before and indicates that consumers are actually worse off as a result of this policyCS = (-D) BProducer Surplus (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005311)Producers, on the other hand, receive a higher price for the units they sell, which results in an increase of surplus (Rectangle D).Rectangle D can also be better described as the transfer of funds between consumers and producers.But, the drop in sales from Q0 to Q1 actually results in a loss of surplus which is represented by triangle C.Also remember that the supply curve is a federal agency of the additional cost of producing each incremental unit. Thus, the area under the supply curve from Q1 to Q2 is the cost of producing quantity Q2 less Q1. This area is represented by trapezoid E. Unless producers respond to unsold output by vinegarish production, the to tal change in producer surplus will bePS = D C EMinimum prices is merely one of the elans to raise prices above the prevailing market level through the direct intervention and regulation of the government simply make it illegal to charge a price lower than a specific minimum level. As a result, this form of government intervention can reduce producers benefit because of the cost of excess production. Another example of this is a minimum wage law. In other words, a wage rate at a level higher than the market price will result in those workers who can find jobs and earn a higher payoff. However, some people who want to work will be unable to, which will result in a policy that brings about unemployment (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005311).Price Supports and Production QuotasBesides imposing a minimum price, the government can also increase the price of a good in other ways. In agricultural policy the system is more often than not based on price supports, but prices can also be incre ased by restricting production, either directly or through incentives to producers (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005314). In this section these policies will be examined in more detail as to show how consumers, producers and the government budget are affected.Price SupportsIn general, price supports aim to increase the prices of dairy products, tobacco, peanuts, etc. This is done with the excogitation that the producers of these types of products earn higher incomes. This fundamentally entails that the government sets the supporting price and then buys up whatever output is needed to keep the market price at this level. The resulting gains/losses will be as followsFigure 3 Government Price SupportsConsumers Surplus (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005315)At price P2, the quantity demanded falls to Q1, and the quantity supplied increases to Q2.To maintain this price and avoid inventories having to mob up, the government must buy the quantity Qg = Q2 Q1.Because the government adds its demand to the demand of the consumers, producers can sell all they want at price P2.Therefore, the consumer surplus will be calculated in the similar way as with minimum pricesCS = (-D) BProducers Surplus (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005315)Price support policies are implemented with the intention to increase the gains that producers receive because producers are now selling a higher quantity (Q2) at a higher price (P2).Therefore producer surplus will be as followsPS = D + B + FGovernment Welfare (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005315)However, there is also a cost to government, which in essence is paid for by taxes.Thus, ultimately this is actually a cost indirectly related to consumers.This amount is represented by the rectangle that makes up BCEFG.This cost may be reduced if the government can dump some of its purchases, for example, selling them abroad at a low price. However, doing so hurts the ability of the internal market to sell in foreign markets.The total welfare cost of this policy could be defined asCS + PS Cost to Gov = D (Q2 Q1)P2If the objective is to give producers an additional income liken to D + B + F, it is far less costly to society if government were to give them this money directly rather than via price supports. This can be supported by the fact that price supports are costing consumers D + B anyway. If government pay producers directly, then society will save the large rectangular area BCEFG less triangle F (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005316). However, price supports are in use most likely because they are a less obvious giveaway and, therefore, politically more correct.Production QuotasThe government can also cause the price of a good to rise by reducing supply. Government can do this by context of use quotas on how much each firm can produce. With appropriate quotas, the price can then be forced up to any arbitrary level. An example of this could be the control of liquor licenses by the government. By requiring any bar or restaurant to have a liqu or license and, at the same time limiting the number of licenses, will result in limited entrants into that market. This also allows those with licenses to earn higher prices and profit margins. The welfare effects of production quotas will be explained in the following section (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005317)The government restricts the quantity supplied to Q1, rather than at the market level of Q0.Thus the supply curve becomes the vertical line S at Q1.As a result consumer surplus is reduced by rectangle D plus triangle B.On the other hand, producers gain rectangle D less triangle C.Thus, once again, there is a deadweight loss that occurs which is represented by B + CCS = (-D) BPS = D C + (Payments for not producing)However, the cost to the government is a payment sufficient enough to give producers an incentive to reduce output to Q1.That incentive must be at least as large as (B + C + F), because that area represents the additional profit that could have been made if the quota was not applicable.Also remember that the higher price (P2) give producers incentive to produce more even though the government is trying to get them to produce less.Thus, the cost to government is at least B + C + F and the total change in producer surplus isPS = D C + B + C + F = D + B + FWelfare = (-D) B + D + B + F B C F = (-B) CFigure 4 Supply Restrictions via Production QuotasThis is the same change in producer surplus as with price supports therefore, producers should in essence be indifferent between the two policies because they end up gaining the same amount of money from each. Likewise, consumers end up losing the same amount of money (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005318). It can also be noted that, once again, the society will clearly be better off in efficiency terms if the government simply gave the producers (generally in the agricultural sector) D + B + C, leaving price and output alone. Producers would then gain D + B + C and the government would lose this profit for a total welfare change of zero, instead of a loss of B + C. However, economic efficiency is not always the objective of government policy.Import Quotas and TariffsMany countries use import quotas and tariffs to keep the domestic price of a product above worldly reach levels and thereby enable the domestic industry to enjoy higher profits than it would under free trade. However, the cost to taxpayers from this protection can be relatively high. Without a quota or tariff, a country will import a good when its price is below the price that would prevail domestically, were there no imports (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005321, 322 and Perloff, 2005298, 299).Figure 5 The Affect of an Import Tariff/Quota on ImportsS and D represent the domestic supply and demand.Because the world price (P1) is below domestic demand and supply, it gives domestic consumers an incentive to purchase from abroad if imports are not restricted.If that is the case then domestic price will fall to the world pric e at P1.At a lower price, domestic production will fall to Q1 and use will rise to Q2.So imports will be the difference between domestic consumption and production (Q2 Q1).Now suppose the government, bowing to pressure from the domestic industry, eliminates imports by imposing a quota or a tariff at Q0.This will forbid any importation of the good in question.With no imports allowed the domestic price will rise to P0.Consumer SurplusAs a result, consumers who still purchase the good will now pay a higher price and will lose the surplus represented by trapezoid A and triangle B.In addition, some consumers will no longer buy the good which results in a further loss represented by triangle C. Therefore, the total change in consumer surplus will beCS = (-A) B CProducer SurplusIn concern with producers, output is now higher (Q0 instead of Q1).Output is also sold at a higher price (P0 instead of P1).Producer surplus therefore increases by the amount of trapezoid APS = AWelfare = (-B) CCombining both CS and PS to obtain the total welfare effect merely indicates once again that there is a deadweight loss. This loss indicates that consumers lose more than what producers gain.Imports could also be reduced to zero by imposing a sufficiently large tariff. The tariff would have to be equal to or greater than the difference between P0 and P1. With a tariff of this size there will be no imports and, therefore, no government revenue from tariff collections. Thus, the effect on consumers and producers would be the same as with a quota (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005323).However, government policy is more often designed to reduce, but not eliminate, imports (as shown in Figure 6. Again, this can be done with either a tariff or a quota (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005323 and Perloff, 2005300, 301)When imports are reduced, the domestic price is increased from P1 to P0.Trapezoid A is again the gain to domestic producers.The loss to consumers is A + B + C + D.Thus, if a tariff is used , the government will gain rectangle D, the revenue from the tariff.Therefore, the net domestic loss will be B + C.If a quota is used instead, then rectangle D becomes part of the profits of foreign producers, and the net domestic loss will be B + C + D.Figure 6 The General Case with an Import Tariff or QuotaThe Impact of a Tax or premiumThe burden of a tax (or the benefit of a support) falls part on the consumer and partly on the producer. In this section it will become clear that the share of a tax certain by consumers depends on the shapes of the demand and supply curves and, in particular, on the relative elasticities of demand and supply (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005326).The Effects of a Specific TaxA specific tax can be better defined as a tax of a certain amount of money per unit sold. This is in contrast to an ad valorem tax which is a proportional tax. However, the analysis of an ad valorem tax is near the same and yields the same qualitative results (Pindyck and Rubinf eld, 2005326). Examples of specific taxes are sin taxes on cigarettes and liquor.Suppose the government imposes a tax of t cents per unit. This means that the price the buyer pays must exceed the price the seller receives by t cents. Figure 7 illustrates this accounting relationship and its implications (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005326)Figure 7 The Effects of a Specific TaxHere, P0 and Q0 represent the price and quantity before the tax is imposed.Pd is the price that buyers pay and Ps is the price that sellers receive after the tax is imposed.Therefore, Pd Ps = t.Here the burden of a tax is split evenly between buyers and sellers. Buyers lose A + B, while sellers lose D + C.On the other hand, the government earns A + D in revenue.Thus, the deadweight loss is once again B + C.The solution is therefore to find the quantity that corresponds to a price of Pd and Ps so that t = Pd Ps. This quantity is shown as Q1. As seen from Figure 8, the burden of the tax is shared roughly evenly bet ween buyers and sellers. It can also be stated that the price that buyers pay rises by half of the tax, and the price that sellers receive falls by roughly half of the tax. As Figure 7 and 8 shows, market clearing requires four conditions to be agreeable after the tax is in place (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005327, 328). These four conditions can also be written and opulent as four different equations that must always be trueThe quantity sold and the buyers price must lie on the demand curve, because buyers are interested only in the price that they must pay. Qd = Qd(Pd)The quantity sold and the sellers price must both lie on the supply curve, because sellers are only concerned with the price they are to receive. Qs = Qs(Ps)The quantity demanded must equal the quantity supplied (Q1). Qd = QsThe difference between the prices of buyers and sellers must equal t. Pd Ps = tThere is a change in consumer and producer surplus, as well as in government revenue can be summarised as follows (P indyck and Rubinfeld, 2005328 and Perloff, 2005289, 290)CS = (-A) BPS = (-C) DWelfare = (-A) B C D + A + D = (-B) CFrom the above information we have seen that the burden of a tax is shared almost evenly between buyers and sellers, however, this is not always the case. If demand is inelastic and supply is relatively, then the burden of the tax will fall mostly on the buyer. Demand will work in the opposite way. It can also be inflexible if the burden of a tax falls more on the buyer or the seller (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005328)Pass-through calculate (Buyer) = Ed / (Es Ed)This equation thus stipulates what fraction of the tax is passed-through to consumers (buyers) and producers (sellers) in the form of higher prices. So, if the demand is completely inelastic (when Ed = 0) so that the pass-through fraction is 1, then all the tax is borne by the consumers (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005328). Similarly, when demand is whole elastic, the pass-through fraction is zero and produc ers bear all the tax. Therefore, the equation basically indicates that a tax falls on the buyer if Ed / Es is small, and on the seller if Ed / Es is large.The Effects of a SubsidyA grant can be analysed in much the same way as a tax. In fact, a subsidy can be better defined as a negative tax. With a subsidy, the sellers price exceeds the buyers price and the difference between the two is the amount of the subsidy. Thus, the effect of a subsidy on the quantity produced and consumed is the opposite of the effect of a tax, which also means that the quantity will increase (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005329).Figure 8 The Effects of a SubsidyIn general, the benefit of a subsidy accrues mostlyto buyers if Ed / Es is small, and to sellers if Ed / Es is large. Also, the same four conditions needed for the market to clear, apply for a subsidy as it did for a tax. The only difference is that now the difference between the sellers price and the buyers price is equal to the subsidy (Pindyck and Ru binfeld, 2005329)Qd = Qd(Pd)Qs = Qs(Ps)Qd = QsPs Pd = sConclusionFrom this paper the evidence shows that simple models of demand and supply can be used to analyse a wide variety of government policies. These include price controls, minimum prices, price supports, production quotas, import tariffs and quotas, and taxes and subsidies. In each case, consumer and producer surplus are used to evaluate the gains and losses to consumers and producers. These gains and losses can be quite large.Evidence have also indicated that when the government imposes a tax or subsidy, price ordinarily does not rise or fall by the full amount of the tax or subsidy. Also, the incidence of a tax or subsidy is usually split between consumers and producers. The fractions that each group ends up paying/receiving depend on the relative elasticities of demand and supply.It is important to remember that government intervention generally leads to a deadweight loss, even if consumer and producer surplus is dull equally. In some cases this deadweight loss will be small, but in other cases (price supports and import quotas) it is large. This deadweight loss is a form of economic inefficiency that must be taken into account when policies are designed and implemented.In summation, government intervention in a competitive market is not always bad. Government, and the society it represents, might have objectives other than economic efficiency. There are also situations in which government intervention can improve economic efficiency. Examples are externalities and cases of market failure.