Bullying in Schools Essay Example for Free

Bullying in Schools EssayBullying is an ongoing problem for many give lessonss and communities. This behavior consists of teasing, threats, and stalking. This behavior is unacceptable and can turn violent, and notwithstanding worse, deadly. There are many influences in todays world that promote this behavior such as music, video games, movies, parents and other peers. A toughie is a person thats show strong aggression either physically or verbally and thrives on gaining power over there dupe. A bully has no respect for others and ordain resort to violence if needed. The surround where the child/ youth come from is just part of a factor that makes a bully. A parent and or other adult figure that lives in a hostile environment and displays proscribe actions or a bully themselves embolden and teach these children this is how to act. Another factor is when a child is being ab drug abused they take all their anger, hurt and aggression out on another because it gains them negat ive self-empowerment.Yet, another factor of bullying could be just an individual trying to fit in to the in crowd of their peers. Yet, peers fail to hang their future will bring them to jail or prison. A victim is the individual who receive the attack. These attacks can be verbal, physical or psychological abuse. Most victims picked on are loner and appear to be very insecure. They tend to not talk back or take action being picked on. A bully finds his victim by either there appearance, shy types or being behind in their academics (low grade point average). Most victims want to gain approval and exception from others and normally make several attempts with the bully.There are several side effects from being bullied such as psychological issues, depression ( regaining helpless worthless), self- molest (cutting skin, hair loss), anxiety (stress), and worst case suicide. Bullying in schools is estimated 160,000 children and teenagers miss school every day out of fear of an attack or intimidation by another peer. Over two thirds of children and teenagers in our schools today break had some type of bullying and responded poorly to the situation. Researches show that bullying occurs more in boys than in girls when it comes to verbal threats. In the year of 1994-1999 there were 253 violent deaths in school, 51 casualties in multiple death events. Bullying is the main factor in school related deaths. (Hunter, 2012)Schools throughout the United States do respond to bullying with reactive meas ZERO tolerance in place, they have also installed security cameras and have police on supply as well as monitoring hallways. As part of this policy students can be suspended and or expelled for carrying a gun or knife to school as well as bullying. On a recent pole I conducted many teachers and other school board members feel as though suspension and expulsion is an easy way for a child to escape out of education. Our communitys fails to see the school may be the only positi ve place the child may be able to come, throwing them out is not the answer. The school over the stick up five years has introduced new programs which also include and family counseling. Programs such as early intervention helps children build social skills and offers anger management.Training for teachers and all staff that are involved daily with the children need to be able to recognize and respond quickly and positively. Teacher need to be able to provide positive environment and stick to the rules of conduct and dont let no slip up happen, pay attention. Parents need to provide a positive environment and monitor your children and who they associate with. Also look up lyrics to the songs your child hears or watch the movies they watch. If you the parent wither be the victims or bully feels like especial(a) help is needed talk to the school psychologist or the child doctor. Talk to your child, ask how they feel and offer solutions that promote positive help.Some people feel tha t bullying is just something that happens during your younger days and the child will grow away from their actions. Lets look here school shooting is on a rise killing innocent children attempting to get back at their bullies. Suicide as young as third grade destroys homes, families and communities. Drug use is higher than ever and teenager everyday day die from over dosing. Unless society takes steps to fight this disease that peers face daily it will delay to destroys young innocent lives at a downward spiral.

Poetry Is Key Essay Example for Free

Poetry Is Key EssayI hearing Amani beca usance she is a teenager guided by mentorship. She revealed to me how being mentored by positive, loving, and caring people has changed who she is as a person. She said I see a big change in myself. Its same my whole life Ive been so angry and upset, and it was all because I was being misguided and I didnt have the chance to be numerate who I am without delay. This interview helped me because It kind of showed me what type of response I should be getting from the kids in my program. It is simply a calibration of how the kids that decide to participate in my mentorship program should react. Frohman, Denice. Denice Frohman Gangsta Poetry YouTube. YouTube, 16 June 2009. Web. 05 Dec. 2013. This painting is a video of a youth poesy mentor for PYPM (Philadelphia Youth Poetry Movement) who also participated in the Unliter Us Campaign. In this poem she speaks more or less differ writing tools (metaphors, similes, personification, etc) and d ifferent types of poems (haiku, slam, etc). She also talks about motivating the youth to get involved in meter and imagination.This poem will help me because It is not only an introduction to different types of poetry and all types of writing tools but its in a cool poem that, to me, will make the kids want to discern more and be less reluctant to participate in my program. Howard, Zora. Zora Howard Mama (lyrics). YouTube. YouTube, 04 Mar. 2011. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. This is a video by a youth slam poet alumni named Zora Howard who is now on a traveling adult poetry group called Strivers Row. This video is of a poem she performed.The poem is in letter form so it starts out adage, Dear Son,. Evidently, she is talking to her son in the letter. Her son is in the army and shes writing him on his birthday just reminiscing about all the things they used to talk about and do before he was drafted into the army. This poem will help me because performance wasnt at a competition so the ten sion is low and shes just releasing. Although, from my knowledge, the poem is just not real fact for her, it still tells a composition in it. It will show the kids how to turn a poem from a regular freeform poem into a letter or a story.James, Cliche M. Who Needs Mentorship. personalized interview. 27 Jan. 2013. I interview the mom of a boy who had never had any form of mentorship to ask her if she thought that mentorship was significant and who did she think that it was for. She said that she thinks that it is a difference between needing mentorship and wanting it. She feels as though kids who going down the wrong road in life or kids who just have pain in there life that is hard to let go of should have mentorship.This interview helped me with my research because it, for the most part, proved to me that I made the right choice in targeting kids who have nearly pain in them, kids that practically have nothing to look forward to because of the situation that their p arents are in. James, Nasir. The Importance of Mentorship. Personal interview. 27 Jan. 2013. I interview my nephew, a 15 year old boy who has had mentorship every super since he was 12. I asked him what the sizeableness of mentorship was.At get-go he was a little reluctant because he though that he didnt get much out of it but when I began to ask him other questions to break it down. Questions like was there anything about his personality that changed because of the interaction with some 1 who you could put your trust in and things like that. He at long last said that after 3 years of being in contact with his mentors, he has seen a difference in who he is and that being with them, he now knows what kind of man he wants to be. He also said that if he didnt have mentors, he would still have become a correct person it would have taken a bit longer.This interview was substantial because I wanted to know how younger teens felt about mentorship because if they didnt care, therefore there wou ld be no purpose of me doing it in the long run because it wouldnt have changed anything. Lissaint / Strivers Row, Carvens. Praise by Carvens Lissaint. YouTube. YouTube, 02 Feb. 2011. Web. 01 Feb. 2013.This is another video of a youth poet alumni from New York city. He is another member of the poetry group called strivers row and in his younger years, he was on the NYC poetry team that went to the nation unspecific poetry competition BNV (Brave New Voices) whichpremiered on HBO in 2006. This poem is about poetry and every sense that plays a part in writing and speechmaking poetry.I think that this will help me because I know that a lot of people have a single story about poetry. A lot of people taket really know what it cane be and in this poem, the poet Carvens Lissaint, touches in on all of that . Mans, Jasmine. Michelle Obama by Jasmine Mans. YouTube. YouTube, 25 Oct. 2010. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. This is a video of yet another strivers row poet. Jasmine Mans was on the NYC team in 2006. This is a video of a poem she recorded called Michelle Obama.This poem is about how first lady Michelle Obama inspires young black women to be great and do great things. It tells them that because she did it, that they can. I think that this will be a good video to use in my program because when I visited the shelter, there was a significant number of girls and I think that showing them this will help them find confidence. Perrin, Brianna. The Importance of Mentorship. Personal interview. 30 Jan. 2013. I interview a senior named Brianna Perrin about her experience with mentorship and community service to get a better visiting of how she felt about it afterward.I also got a chance to find out what she took from the experience as a person who had been mentored and decided to pass it on. I think that this interview was very helpful and very successful. It gave me a perspective of a person who had the same urge as I had. She expressed to me that to her it was more than just f ortune others and I feel the same way. Going to the shelter is about more than helping others its also a branch of growth for myself. Poetic Devices. Poetic Devices. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013.This is a link to a list of poetic devices. This link will be useful because I know that even I dont know so Itll help me and help the kids at the program. Poetry. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 30 Jan. 2013. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. I decided to use this link because some people think that poetry is only one thing, when in all actuality, poetry can be many things. This will be helpful because it will give a mor formal introduction than me saying this is was a metaphor is. It will in truth explain to them what things are and how they should be used.I also think that this will show the kids the overall brand of poetry so that they know that poetry can be almost anything. This will be just an outline for what I want the kids to take from this program come April or May. Shearlds, Khalil. Mento rship. Personal interview. 7 Jan. 2013. This is the Manager, Center for Parenting Early Childhood Education at the Peoples Emergency Center. I interviewed him about the importance of mentorship and who ineluctably it. This interview was important for me to do because this is what he does on a day to day basis.He mentors kids to show them where they can go and to let them know that they dont have to stay planted in a place where they arent happy just because someone put them there. This will be important in the long run because, not that I already didnt know, i will always know my mission. What Is cognitive-Behavioral Therapy? What Is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy? N. p. , 05 Apr. 2007. Web. 04 Jan. 2013. This is a link to the definition of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I was talking to someone about my capstone and they told me that my whole idea fell along the lines of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.When I looked it up it actually told me a lot about myself and why poetry seemed t o work for me. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that is directed toward dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors and cognitive processes. Its basically disturbances of your feelings triggered by the things and stresses that you go through. This helped me because it told me almost exactly what these kids are going through inside. Young, B. I Am A Queen Urban interchange NYC BNV Semis 2008. YouTube. YouTube, 24 July 2008. Web. 01 Feb. 2013.I decided to use this video of a New York City Poet B. Young. This poem was about his theory of why he would want to be a queen in the game of chess because its not about being the protected, he thinks that the protecter is the most important. I decided to use this video because I think it is a good perspective for young men to A realize how important a Queen/girl is and B to understand that being the protected or being the person who everyone who is always being looked after isnt always who you want to be, somet imes you want to be aside of something bigger.Z. , Sharvon. Philly Youth Poetry Movement. Philly Youth Poetry Movement RSS 20. N. p. , 01 Feb. 2013. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. This is the website for PYPM or Philadelphia Youth Poetry Movement. This is the where I got my mentoring from so not to incorporate and utilize this source would be foolish of me. This website will give me the latest updates on the PYPM team, there videos and events that I could possibly invite my teens to. I can use the videos posted on the website and some of the ideas from poetry workshops to use during my program.

Song of Lawino Poem by Okot pBitek

Song of Lawino Poem by Okot pBitekIn Song of Lawino, by Okot pbitek, the main theme revolves around Lawino attacking Ocol, her husband who had left her for a modern woman, and his ways while praising her own culture. She is a proud and conventional Acoli woman who holds a certain disregard for the western culture that her educated husband had fallen into. A lot throughout the novel, she keeps on cursing Ocol and devising a racket and din slightly all his misdeeds. She also launches an attack on Clementine, Ocols new westernized, educated wife. Now, whether or non she had a solid shell for acting so strongly against Ocol and Tina is what we shall be looking at in this essay.And that she looks sickly and is a piteous sight. These unprovoked accusations will be considered as jealousy by many especially since Lawino admits I do not deny, I am a little jealous, which I consider a huge chthonicstatement since Lawinos abhor which is evident in the second chapter is proof that she is in fact very jealous of Tinas influence over Ocol. However, how much ever Lawino is jealous of Tina, she absolutely does not have a chance since this cannot justify any misdoing on Ocols part because polygamy was a common thing at that prison term and Ocol had every right to wed Tina. And Lawinos jealousy was not acceptable evidence against Ocol. Some may say that Lawino expressed more than jealousy and was actually defending her rich African culture, merely she did, however, do it at the cost of degrading the western culture.Nevertheless, he does his role well, and goes to many lengths saying that the local congress party was against Catholics (the faith Ocol believes in). This, apart from creating a bad will for him among people, also causes conflicts within his own family. We see that, Ocols brother was the leader of the congress party, the arch-enemy of the Democratic Party that Ocol leads. This causes Ocol to become bitter and turn the alone issue personal. He says that hi s brother wants to kill him and he also forbids Lawino to visit her husband in laws house and indeed orders her not to even talk to them. It was once said by a great man called Vivekananda that when a man has begun to feel ashamed of his ancestors, the end has come. This is exactly what Ocol does.In this case, I feel that Ocol was being too unacceptable. Although Ocol is against his brother politically, I think making the issue personal was a stupid thing to do. He was in fact blowing up the head to something big. Lawino, who in this case was being very thoughtful, realizes that these two men were doing senseless. After all, the main aim of the parties was supposed to be national unity and now the contend leaders are tightly locked in bloody feuds, eating each others livers and she correctly notices that ignorance stands there like an elephant.In the chapter seven, where it says there is no resolved time for breast-feeding, Lawino has something more to her favor. Ocols obsessio n over time is a debatable issue. Yes, in modern times, people would agree with Ocol that time should not be wasted and so it must be used to its full potential. However, I feel that Ocol is taking the issue of time too far by wanting to keep fixed time for every little thing in the house. Lawino saysFor such a case, I think Lawino does again have a point. Its perfectly sensible to imbibe when there is a need to. So, Ocols heaps of abuse on Lawinos illiteracy for not knowing time is just plain unacceptable. He neednt insist everything in their house happen on time when the Acolis have managed their priorities for years by simply following the suns movement and the roosters crow.Until now, Lawino mostly did have a solid case in many things that she was saying. However, the rest of what she says is, in my viewpoint, a matter of opinion and so it will not hold a solid case against Ocol. She laments about Ocols decision to follow the western culture instead, solely lawfully, there was nothing wrong with that. Ocol had every right to follow the way of life that he wants by all means. Being university educated may have changed his way of thinking and caused him to want to westernize. Lawinos accusations of him of being a traitor to his traditions may have been culturally correct, but definitely not strong enough to sue him. Some may say that Lawino was in fact being irrational as she was trying to compel her culture on Ocol, without letting him be.And he also goes in to regret why was I born Black? Ocol tries his hardest to deny the African blood in him and he wants to assimilate into the white peoples culture instead. This is not acceptable because if he has the right to enjoy his ways, then Lawino does too.So, we can say that in this particular matter, some(prenominal) Lawino and Ocol are at fault. The above argument, apart from referring to culture, is also applicable to the differing religious faith that the two follow. Agreed, Lawino does not think much of t he hunchback or the foot ghost and neither does Ocol of Lawinos traditional African religion where he says we will smash / the taboos / one by one / explode the basis / of every fanaticism / we will uproot / every sacred tree/ and demolish every ancestral / shrine. Hence the two should have learnt to co-exist with each other rather than fuss endlessly other their faiths.So, in conclusion, after evaluating the cases of both Lawino and Ocol, I deduce that Lawinos case is stronger than Ocols. Seeing that Lawino has been more of a victim under Ocols hands than Ocol under the white mens, as seen in the argument given above, Lawino does indeed have a proper case against Ocol. Although Lawino had a small part to do with it, her matrimonial tribulations have been highly unstable mainly because of Ocols foolish attitude and his senseless actions.

The Structure Of The Supermarket Industry Economics Essay

The Structure Of The Supermarket Industry Economics EssayThis assignment entrust depart a critical analysis of how a Multinational Enterprise Operates domestically but bind foreign ownership by looking at how it creates value, analyzing the constancy structure in which it operates and the strategies that it uses within that Industry. As the local markets throughout the world argon being deregulated and liberalized foreign firms argon looking to locate part of the drudgery process in other countries where there are cost advantages. These might be cheaper sources of labor, raw materials and components or get under ones skin preferential government regulation.1.1 Foreign self-commandShoprite brand is southward Africas largest food retailing which comprises 309 Shoprite outlets. Shoprite goes as back to 1997, started as a small chain of supermarkets. Today Shoprite has managed to accession its operation outside South Africa from one store in Lusaka, Zambia in 1995, to 71 stores in 16 countries, Tanzania being among those countries that Shoprite has its operations.In December 2001 the startle Shoprite store in Tanzania was opened at Pugu Road giving a wide range of quality products at affordable prices. Currently Shoprite charter four stores in Tanzania, Mlimani City in Mlimani inwardness in Dar es Salaam kilombero in Arusha, Pugu Road and Mayfair Plaza in Dar es Salaam. With a wide range of products and at subalterner prices, always Shoprite has attracted umteen customers over the age.2.0 analysis of an Industry Structure2.1The IndustryExamining the Supermarket industry through Porters 5 forces (as shown below) shows that the Supermarket industry is intensely competitive, particularly in the low price segment, this scrap aftermaths from a game bargaining power of consumers, meaning they are able to shop around and switch at no cost . Despite postgraduate superior requirements, the threat of entry from raw(a) competitors is high in the supermark et industry, with new envisionned entrants in the future years.2.2Threat of Substitutes- over all threat Medium as industry is susceptible to changes in the economy/income.More people choosing to go to markets and purchase their studys.Generic substitution- Disposable income spent elsewhere, if economy defers a recession consumers are seeming to spend money elsewhere ( small shops rather than in Malls and supermarkets)2.3 Bargaining power of suppliers- overall supplier power is pathetic/Medium and changes with the outdoor(a) surround.Food Producers have high cost of production and supermarket can easily take the advantage of this during a fall.Large numbers of food producers -Supermarket owners are likely to find the cost of switching to other producer cheaply.2.4 Bargaining power of consumers overall consumer power is Medium/HighConsumers can shop around as there are many supermarkets in marketsLow switching costs for consumers- doesnt cost anything to buy products from Gam e instead of Shoprite.Creation of comparison window shopping, advertizing where consumers will easily be able to compare products prices and just pick the lowest price.3.0 Threat of Entry from New CompetitorsIt is non only current rivals that take a threat to firms in an industry the possibilities that the new firms may inter the industry also affect the competition. Any firm should be able to enter and exit a market and if free entry and exit exists, then profits always should be normal.The capital requirement to enter the industry is highMany supermarkets planned to be opened in the future.Differentiation There is no gap in the market- already many existing supermarket.Expected requital is high from existing Supermarket, could drop prices to squeeze out new entrants, as demonstrated with Nakumatt3.1 Competitive Rivalry- HIGHHigh threat of substitutesCompetitors are in vestibular senseThere are high fixed costsThere is no differentiation in the industry4.0 External AnalysisThro ugh analyzing the external environment is easy to understand the industry and make strategic decisions. The purpose of Shoprite external analysis is to understand what may affect the future of the company as a whole. Pastel Analysis4.1 Political these refer to government policy such(prenominal) as the degree of intervention in the economy. In the last five years the government of Tanzania has been amending its foreign policies by providing conducive environment to bring forward multinational companies and investor to invest in Tanzania. This is an luck for Shoprite since there is going to be free run of labor, neats, within the east Africa countries.4.2 Technology New technologies create new products and new processes. Technology is fast growing in Tanzania such as introduction of ATMs, add-on in number of telecommunication companies, with recently introduction of character Optic internet which will give more than access of information to individual people. This is opportunity to Shoprite to use the advantage of internet, radio, and magazine to market its products. For examples in last ten years there were few ATMs which bores many customers and businesspersons, because they had to make a huge wrinkle into banks for them to do transactions but straightaway is not the same people are more reliable using ATMs which facilitates transaction. Also Telecommunication companies have introduced new technology of money transfer such as M Pesa and Zap which give easy movement of money. On line shopping, and computer aided normal are all improvement s to the way the business is done as the result of technology. Through technology Shoprite can go down costs and encourage innovation. These developments can benefit consumers as well as the organization produce the products.4.3 EconomicalThese include interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation and exchange rates. The increase of fuel cost can result into high cost of production because affects the price of product to final consumers. The global economic crisis can have a huge impact to Shoprite as multinational company in its operation likewise to demand of individual is ultimately to be affected.5.0 Internal AnalysisTo understand a successful of Shoprite, the internal strategic capabilities must be understood. This section will focus on identifying the key internal strengths and weaknesses (from SWOT). This will be achieved by examining the resources and competencies for Shoprite, applying the VRIO model to these resources and looking at the performance of various business functions within the organization.An organizations resources can be Physical, Reputation, boldness, Financial, Intellectual and Technological (Johnson et al, 2004) the below analysis shows the wide-cut extent of Shoprite resources and capabilities and only the key factors will be drawn upon here.Although Shoprite has very strong branding and recognition across Africa, it does not necessarily mean that t hey have a good disposition or good customer relations. It is one of the low price profit making in the supermarket industry yet they have a bad reputation for not purchasing local commodities and have bad consanguinity with local farmers who produce vegetables. Most clients complain much on how Shoprite operates, they feel the company just takes their money and have nothing in return to society.As referred to earlier, Shoprite has a very simple, yet effective organizational restore up based on the low cost strategy which the owners feel is key to Shoprite success.5.1 Key factors of this strategy areImprove distribution over the then(prenominal) 12years, Shoprite has expanded its thrust northward beyond South Africa borders. Currently, 198 corporate outlets serve consumers in 16 countries outside of South Africa (fastmoving, 2009). By open more outlets allows Shoprite to expose market share which increase company profit.By using differentiation strategy Shoprite have been able to segment its customer in different categories. Shoprite is be of the group checkers, checkers hipper, Ushoprite save, House and home, Ok furniture and Ok franchise Division , for example Shoprite focuses on customers from the middle to lower-income consumers in the living standards measurement 3to8.Low prices this has attracted a large group of customers who their purchasing power is low.6.0 SWOT ANALYSIS6.1 Strengths and WeaknessesThe key strengths place from Shoprites internal operations are their stable financial position, good branding, a responsive organizational structure, a strong concern team and strong distribution operation. With the strong financial, good branding and strong management has been a motivation for the company growth. Currently Shoprite has 382 operation stores across Africa and one in India. The group continued to extend merchandise ranges upward to cater for a broadening middle class, while retaining the full selection of staple products (Annual rep ort Shoprite). Despite the current depressed economic environment Shoprite is looking five years ahead in planning for growth, intends opening 23 stores in the 2010 financial year.The main weaknesses are its bad reputation for not purchasing local commodities/ products and bad relationship with the local farmers and individuals. Shoprite is taking advantage of its strength (low price strategy) and key competencies (strong brand) to sustain a competitive advantage. The Shoprite (and management team) may not have the best reputation in the industry but does this matter? Shoprite has been extremely successful financially and look set to continue this success in the future, high profit and care costs low is the strategy that they are successfully achieving.6.2 Opportunities and ThreatsAfter examining the Strength and weakness it can be seen that there area a variety of factors that need to be taken to the consideration. Shoprite has already taken advantage of key opportunity buy brand ing and positioning itself as the first Multinational Retailing in Tanzania. After Government put up good business environment such as laying of goods regulations many foreign investor have been interested to invest in Tanzania this can be a threat to Shoprite. Also by introduction of the many banks in Tanzania that has enabled many local entrepreneurs to get loans and open mini supermarket in small towns which is the big threat since more people will be motivated to go those stores and that can reduce Shoprite market share. The key opportunity identified in this market are the increased target market from EAC (East Africa Community ) expansion previously there were only three country but now there five countries where Sudan in the process of the joining the community . Since there will be free movement of people within the membership countries hence will increase demand. Shoprite have already taken advantage of internet expansion and this will provide further opportunities ad the internet expansion (introduction of Fiber Optic) that allow online Shopping ( E commerce ) .6.3 VRIOA model which allows insight into whether the organizations resources and capabilities translate to the potential for sustained competitive advantage (Johnson et al)ValueRarenessImitabilityOrganizationPhysicalYesYesNoYesReputationYesNoYesYesOrganizationYesNoYesYesFinancialYesYesNoYesIntellectualYesYesYesYesTechnologyYesNoYesYes7.0 Key CompetenciesGood brand awareness-Shoprite has a strong presence in the public eye which has increase awareness its brand across Africa. Likely in Tanzania Shoprite has large market share because it was the first large Supermarket to be opened.Organizational Structure-Through jointure and opening of many branches and using low price strategy has helped Shoprite to satisfy customer needs.Advance Technology-All Shoprite supermarkets, wherever they are located, are now equipped with the latest scanning equipment and linked directly to the groups main comptur e centre. This direct access has great improved stock control and transposition and using the sales analysis provided enabled store management to monitor closely consume acceptance of product not previously available in a particular outlet.Financial Stability-Despite the groble Economic recession the company total turnover has grown to 20.9%. It benefited from the employment created by the mega infrastructural projects being under taken with a visible horizon to the 2010 FIFA world cup in South Africa and the increase in the number and size of social grants.8.0 The Economic Impact of the MNEMnes may affect many aspects of countrys economy -balance of payments, growth, employment objectives, and so forth. Under different conditions, these effects may be positive or negative, either for the host country or the home country. In addition, potential gains to host countries go up as local environments become more attractive for FDI.8.1 BALANCE -OF PAYMENTS EFFECTSWhy will Tanzania want s capital inflows? Because such inflows give the country the foreign exchange it needs to import goods and service and to pay off foreign debt. Keep in mind that FDI brings both capital inflows and capital out flows. For the government will be much concerned about the net balance of payment effect and about the possibility that when the books are ultimately balanced, the effect of their net balance of payments may be negative. Lets see what Tanzania will benefit from MNEs.A MNE investment in country may result in a significant injection into the economy of the country. This may provide jobs directly of through the growth of local subsidiary business such as banks, insurance. It may be initiate a multiplier process generating more income as newly employed workers spend their wages on consumption.MNEs May provide training and education for employees thus creating higher skilled labor force. These skills may be transferred to other areas of the country. Often management and entrepreneu rial skills learned from MNEs are an meaning(a) source of human capital.MNE contributes tax revenue to the government and other revenue s if they purchase existing national assets.9.0 The Problems of Multinational EnterprisesThe MNE may employ by and large expatriate managers ensuring that incomes generated are maintained within a relatively small group of people. The attraction for the MNE may be the large supply of cheap manual(a) labour who they can employ at low wages. This may contribute to a widening of the income distribution. It will also not lead to the transfer of management skills.MNE investment in LDCs often involves the use of capital intensive production methods. Given that many LDCs are often endowed with potentially large low wage labout forces and have high level of unemployment this might be considered inappropriate technology. More labour intensive production methods might be a more appropriate option for alleviating poverty and aiding development. Any resulting growth might be considered anti-developmental.MNEs engage in transfer pricing where they shift production between countries so as to benefit from lower tax arrangements in certain countries. By doing this they can minimize their tax burden and the tax revenue of national governments.As many MNEs are very large and have considerable power they can next influence on governments to gain preferential tax concessions and subsidies and grants. outward oriented economists maintain that the cycles of poverty will not be broken from within the domestic economy. The level of investment needed to raise productivity and incomes is not possible .Thus foreign direct investment through the MNE activity is essential.By investing in areas and utilizing the factors of production where the LDCs have an absolute and comparative advantage MNEs will lead to a more efficient allocation of the worlds resources. However if this leads to overspecialization and overdependence in certain sectors of the econom y then the host country will vulnerable particularly if the MNE decides for commercial reasons to leave the country in the future.10.0 Action Plan for ImplementationPlanning is indispensable for a company, not too ensure that they stick to plan put to know when they are deviating from it. Shoprite would need to develop a board that will deal with improving the relationship with the local communities. It would be advisable Shoprite reduce importing of vegetable from South Africa instead buy form local farmers this will reduce cost of production since all goods will be topically production hence enable to lower price. The key changes for Shoprites business functions in implementing this strategy would be for the production department as the majority of others aspects will be handles by the service provider.11.0 ConclusionMNEs play a major role in the country economy development, whoever the government should be more careful with the MNEs by putting laws that will guide them. Same tim e government should this opportunity as the key for developing the local industries and businesses which will increase government revenue, hence high Growth Domestic Production (GDP).

Competition of Ports with the Panama Canal

Competition of Ports with the Panama CanalStrategies for Older PortsLen EdwardsTowards the end of next year, the Panama Canal go forth open a third set of locks allowing larger ships to transfer the canal. These super ships called Post-Panamax ships bequeath soon have easier access to the ports on the eastside coast, reducing the turn on times for cargo from Asia. This has resulted in aggressive port expansion to accommodate these giants. Many ports have the available room for expansion to handle the influx of containers without some(prenominal) modifications of their operations. However, many older ports desire an expansion although they are limited on room for expansion. How can these cramped ports compete with larger ports in attracting increase cargo volumes in the near future?The first option for smaller ports with limited space is utilizing an off dock sorting area known as a artificial send destruction. It is interesting to note that satellite terminal is however one of many terms describing the operation off-dock sorting areas there seems to be no consensus on the terminology resulting in a wide range of terms including dry ports, inland terminals, inland ports, inland hubs, inland logistics centers, and inland freight villages (Rodrigue Notteboom, n.d., para. 4). The satellite terminal uses dedicated rail service form the dock to a secondary sorting facility further inland. The advantage to this system is the ability to handle the increased volume of container from Post Panamax ships at ports with limited land for storage of the containers, in effect increasing the ports throughput in move urban environments. The containers are loaded onto delay train shuttles without sorting by destination. The train then carried the containers to a secondary sorting yard where the containers undergo further transferring to other trains by destination. Additionally the satellite terminals can service the trucking industry. Trucks deliver container to the satellite facility to be loaded on a rail car for delivery to the dock or a terminus inland. The synergy amid the port and the satellite terminal creates a bran-new type of maritime / land interface, which essentially results in a regionalized port (Rodrigue, n.d., para. 3). This type of operation is under the process of development at the Port of Baltimore. The rail alliance CSX, in hopes to attract more ships to the port, is considering a satellite facility 15 miles for the port. The rail line offers to deliver cheaper rates to shipping companies using the port and the devoted rail line.Another area for older ports to cerebrate on is modernization of the existing infrastructure. Besides the amount of containers the port handles, focus should shift to offering specialized facilities at the ports, securing an advantage over larger ports. An fashion model of this at the Port of Philadelphia is warehousing. In 2011 Philadelphia completed a warehouse for storing refrigerated freig ht, the 686,000-squarefoot building, the largest refrigerated building in North America. The idea was to link the world-class set up market with the premier perishables port in the United States. (OBrien, 2013, para 17). Additionally, the ports look to compete with larger ports must look at improving the infrastructure miserable freight off the pier in an efficient and cost-competitive manner. The Port of Miami attacked this problem in three ways. First, they secured funding to improve rail lines serving the port, which included the rebuild of rail bridges linking the port to the rail yard. There are plans to construct three tracks capable of holding trains a half-mile long. Furthermore, the port invested in a new tunnel linking the port to the nearby interstate, while also upgrading surrounding roadways, offering the ability for trucks entering and loss the port to bypass the congested downtown streets, the only other access to the port. The final piece of the project involved dredging the channel to a depth of 50 feet to accommodate Post-Panamax ships. With Miamis three-pronged attack tunnel, rail, and dredging the port claims it will be able to make inroads into some of the markets that Savannah now dominates (Whitefield, 2012, para. 33). Moreover, Baltimore requires a redesign of the rail system leaving the port. The only rail tunnel leaving the port is 130 years old, lacking in the proper diameter to handle the modern double stack trains or tri-level auto racks. Without railroad redesign in Baltimore, its estimated that Maryland might even lose up to 50 percent of its container traffic to a port like Norfolk, Va. the other East seashore port able to handle the larger ships costing our region hundreds of jobs and tens of millions in economic activity and tax revenue (Sadowski, 2012, para. 8).One last alternative for crowded ports to compete besides the pervious mentioned options is entering strategic alliances with major shipping companies via a d edicated terminal. This alliance benefits both the ports and the maritime shipping company, this relationship requires a long-term agreement. For the shipping company it secures a port in a profitable location without having to compete with other shipping companies. As for the ports, the shipping company considers the port part of their supply chain, directing a majority of their ship to call upon the port even if there are ports closer or ports containing give away facilities. For port authorities, dedicated terminals encourage the development of port facilities allowing them to push for more funding it is also a useful strategy if there is competition between port terminals (Lun, Lai, Cheng, 2010, p. 182). The Port of Philadelphia remains proactive on attracting ships to their port they have agents stationed across the world. Likewise, the Port of Baltimore in the late 1990s attempted to attract twain major shipping companies by offering lower dock rates and upgrading facilitie s around the port. Unfortunately, for Baltimore the shipping companies rejected their offer. Although, this reinforces the lengths that port will go to attract a dedicated shipping company.In conclusion, with the completion of the Panama Canal upgrades soon to be completed, the ports operating on the east coast now face a rush to prepare. The larger ports fare well in this situation, having the room for expansion and up to date infrastructure. The older ports in urban environments scramble to prepare a system to handle the increased demand. There are a few options to aid these ports, depending on the amount of funding available. Some ports like Baltimore are looking to move the sorting of containers to off-site location, depending on rail transportation to deliver the containers. On the other hand, some port authorities are improving the indispensable infrastructure to allow rapid movements of rail and trucks to and from the facility. Lastly, many ports are securing deals with ship ping companies to lure them to make the older ports their main stops in America. This report discussed issues with east coast ports although these strategies are not limited to that area. They are easily applied to struggling ports across the globe.ReferencesLun, Y.H., Lai, K., Cheng, T.C. (2010).Shipping and logistics management. London, England Springer.OBrien, D. (2013, Summer). Pennsylvanias Homeport The Port Of Philadelphia.Catalyst Magazine. Retrieved from http//http//digital.graphcompubs.com/ obligate/Pennsylvanias+Homeport+The+Port+Of+Philadelphia+/1445490/0/article.htmlRodrigue, J.P., Notteboom, T. (n.d.).Inland Ports/Dry Ports. Retrieved August 6, 2014, from https//people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch4en/appl4en/ch4a4en.htmlRodrigue, J.P. (n.d.).The Insertion of a Satellite Terminal in Port Operations. Retrieved August9, 2014, from http//people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch4en/conc4en/agileport.htmlSadowski, J.T. (2012, October 24). The port Baltimores entrance to opportunit y.The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved from http//articles.baltimoresun.com/2012-10-24/news/bs-ed-port-20121024_1_port-expansion-cargo-activity-intermodal-facilityWhitefield, M. (2012, November 18). Competition heats up as U.S. ports prepare for Panama Canal expansion.Miami Herald, p.para. 33. Retrieved from http//www.miamiherald.com/2012/11/18/3104323/competition-heats-up-as-us-ports.html

Organizational Structures Essay -- Business Organization Management

IntroductionThe design of a company affects every aspect of the blood line such(prenominal) as the way its members communicate, how decisions are made, and how the campaign is delegated, etcetera (Dictionary.com, 2006). This layout is known as the organization body structure formally defined by Wikipedia (2006) as, the way in which the interrelated groups of an organization are constructed. From a managerial point of view the main concerns are ensuring effective conference and coordination. In respects to project attention there are three primary organizational break downs they are functional structure, pure project structure, and hyaloplasm structure. We will take a account into each of these structures to better identify the similarities and differences between them. Functional StructureIn a functional arrangement, power or status is defined by a vertical hierarchy. This structure clearly defines the roles and responsibilities of its members and the chain of command is plai nly outlined. (Kerzner, 2003). Functional structure is seen in large organizations such as the central government, polices forces and the armed forces. elephantine businesses be possessed of continuous rolling programs of similar instant or semi-repetitive work and this structure is typically subroutined to make better systems, procedures, methods or products within the company. Due to the repetitive nature of the functional structure people are able to build a variety of skills that they can use from one project to the next. Projects within this structure would commonly be handled internally rather than externally. (Cogeco, 2006). When modifying systems or methods within a business it is beneficial for the company to have in-house employees who have direct contact with the work to handle the ... ...posite of functional and may be a little more costly then the other organizational break downs. The matrix structure topper suits construction projects due to its high level of fle xibility and adaptability. Knowing this information will give an organization anxiety in regards to which structure will beat out fit them. References(2006). Module 4 Project trouble Organizational Structures and Standards. Retrieved on December 16, 2006 from http//home.cogeco.ca/pcreighton/PMWEB/Module%2004.htmKerzner, H. (2003). Project Management A Systems Approach to Plan, Scheduling, and Controlling eighth Edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc.Organization. (2006). Dictionary.com. Retrieved on December 17, 2006 from http//www.dictionary.comOrganizational Structures. (2006). Wikipedia the free online encyclopedia. Retrieved on December 17, 2006 from http//www.wikipedia.com Organizational Structures Essay -- Business Organization ManagementIntroductionThe design of a company affects every aspect of the business such as the way its members communicate, how decisions are made, and how the work is delegated, etcetera (Dictionary.com, 2006). This layout is known as the or ganization structure formally defined by Wikipedia (2006) as, the way in which the interrelated groups of an organization are constructed. From a managerial point of view the main concerns are ensuring effective communication and coordination. In respects to project management there are three primary organizational break downs they are functional structure, pure project structure, and matrix structure. We will take a look into each of these structures to better identify the similarities and differences between them. Functional StructureIn a functional arrangement, power or status is defined by a vertical hierarchy. This structure clearly defines the roles and responsibilities of its members and the chain of command is plainly outlined. (Kerzner, 2003). Functional structure is seen in large organizations such as the central government, polices forces and the armed forces. Large businesses have continuous rolling programs of similar repetitive or semi-repetitive work and this structu re is typically used to improve systems, procedures, methods or products within the company. Due to the repetitive nature of the functional structure people are able to build a variety of skills that they can use from one project to the next. Projects within this structure would commonly be handled internally rather than externally. (Cogeco, 2006). When modifying systems or methods within a business it is beneficial for the company to have in-house employees who have direct contact with the work to handle the ... ...posite of functional and may be a little more costly then the other organizational break downs. The matrix structure best suits construction projects due to its high level of flexibility and adaptability. Knowing this information will give an organization direction in regards to which structure will best fit them. References(2006). Module 4 Project Management Organizational Structures and Standards. Retrieved on December 16, 2006 from http//home.cogeco.ca/pcreighton/PMW EB/Module%2004.htmKerzner, H. (2003). Project Management A Systems Approach to Plan, Scheduling, and Controlling 8th Edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc.Organization. (2006). Dictionary.com. Retrieved on December 17, 2006 from http//www.dictionary.comOrganizational Structures. (2006). Wikipedia the free online encyclopedia. Retrieved on December 17, 2006 from http//www.wikipedia.com

Race and Representation in Congress Essay -- Politics Political Scienc

Race and Representation in CongressThe topic of belt along, redistricting, and minority representation in Congress has emerged as unrivalledness of the most large issues in contemporary political thought. The creation of socalled majority minority districts has been attacked as unfair and racially polarizing by some observers and in the long run struck waste as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. The think of race in relation to American politics and institutions, and, in particular, to the institution of Congress, has produced a wealth of enquiry and literature in recent years. This scope of budding research ranges from legislative activity and Congressional voting to the electoral process and campaigning. This study examines the effects of race in Congressional elections and campaigning, and will be primarily focused on member relationships with members of the reside of Representatives. Through this research, a better arrest of the differences in constituent relationsh ips and engagement between African American House members and their Caucasian colleagues will be reached. Based on the current literature and preponderant scholarly attitudes, one could likely conclude that African American Congress members, on the whole, develop closer and more personal relationships with their constituents than do white representatives.This radical for this research requires and explanation. The rationale for excluding Senators from this study and for narrowing the focus exclusively to black House members reflects the difference in representation between House members and Senators. By studying House districts comprised of a smaller electorate, one can draw important conclusions about the constituency characteristics and the subsequent... ...y Weekly Report. 51.3 (Jan. 16 1993) 75 Seifman, David. Dems Concede Engels pay on the Button. The untried York Post. 17 June 2000. Sherman, Mark. Georgia Campaign 96. The Atlanta Journal and Constitution . 22 Sept 1996 4D. Singh, Robert. The Congressional subdued Caucus. London SAGE Publications, 1998. Spaid, Elizabeth Levit. Georgia adjudicate Overrule Black District. Christian ScienceMonitor. 88.15 (Dec 15 1995) 4. Swain, Carol M. Black Faces, Black Interests. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1993. Weller spurs GOPs Spanish-language education. Morris Daily Herald Online. 5 June 2003. 24 Nov. 2003. Whitby, Kenny. The Color of Representation. University of Michigan, 1997. Race and Representation in Congress Essay -- Politics Political SciencRace and Representation in CongressThe topic of race, redistricting, and minority representation in Congress has emerged as one of the most salient issues in contemporary political thought. The creation of socalled majority minority districts has been attacked as unfair and racially polarizing by some observers and ultimately struck down as unconstitutional by t he Supreme Court. The study of race in relation to American politics and institutions, and, in particular, to the institution of Congress, has produced a wealth of research and literature in recent years. This scope of budding research ranges from legislative activity and Congressional voting to the electoral process and campaigning. This study examines the effects of race in Congressional elections and campaigning, and will be primarily focused on constituent relationships with members of the House of Representatives. Through this research, a better understanding of the differences in constituent relationships and engagement between African American House members and their Caucasian colleagues will be reached. Based on the current literature and prevailing scholarly attitudes, one could likely conclude that African American Congress members, on the whole, develop closer and more personal relationships with their constituents than do white representatives.This basis for this resear ch requires further explanation. The rationale for excluding Senators from this study and for narrowing the focus exclusively to black House members reflects the difference in representation between House members and Senators. By studying House districts comprised of a smaller electorate, one can draw important conclusions about the constituency characteristics and the subsequent... ...y Weekly Report. 51.3 (Jan. 16 1993) 75 Seifman, David. Dems Concede Engels Right on the Button. The New York Post. 17 June 2000. Sherman, Mark. Georgia Campaign 96. The Atlanta Journal and Constitution. 22 Sept 1996 4D. Singh, Robert. The Congressional Black Caucus. London SAGE Publications, 1998. Spaid, Elizabeth Levit. Georgia Judges Overrule Black District. Christian ScienceMonitor. 88.15 (Dec 15 1995) 4. Swain, Carol M. Black Faces, Black Interests. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1993. Weller spurs GOPs Spanish-language education. Morris Daily Hera ld Online. 5 June 2003. 24 Nov. 2003. Whitby, Kenny. The Color of Representation. University of Michigan, 1997.